Arnold Ruge
Arnold Ruge | |
---|---|
Born | |
Died | 31 December 1880 | (aged 78)
Nationality | German |
Alma mater | Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg University of Jena Heidelberg University |
Arnold Ruge (13 September 1802 – 31 December 1880) was a German
Studies in university and prison
Born in
Hegelians
He also became associated with the Young Hegelians. In 1837, with E. T. Echtermeyer, he founded the Hallesche Jahrbücher für deutsche Kunst und Wissenschaft. In this periodical he discussed the questions of the time from the point of view of the Hegelian philosophy.[2] According to Frederick Copleston:[3]
"Ruge shared Hegel's belief that history is a progressive advance towards the realization of freedom, and that freedom is attained in the State, the creation of the rational General Will.[...] At the same time he criticized Hegel for having given an interpretation of history which was closed to the future, in the sense that it left no room for novelty."
The Jahrbücher was detested by the orthodox party in Prussia; and was finally suppressed by the Saxon government in 1843, and Ruge left for Paris.
In Paris, Ruge co-edited the Deutsch–Französische Jahrbücher with Karl Marx briefly.[4] He had little sympathy with Marx's socialistic theories, and soon left him. He left Paris in 1845 for Switzerland, and then became a bookseller in Leipzig.[1]
Revolutions of 1848
In the
The Prussian government intervened and Ruge soon afterwards left again for Paris, hoping, through his friend
London and Brighton
In London, in company with Giuseppe Mazzini and other advanced politicians, he formed a "European Democratic Committee." From this Ruge soon withdrew, and in 1850, Ruge moved to Brighton to live as a teacher and writer. In 1866, he vigorously supported Prussia against Austria in the Austro-Prussian War, and in 1870, he supported Germany against France in the Franco-Prussian War. On a smaller scale, while in Brighton, he was chairman of the successful Park Crescent Residents' Association. In his last years, beginning in 1877, he received from the German government a pension of 1000 marks.
He died in Brighton in 1880.
Works
In his time, Ruge was a leader in religious and political liberalism. In 1846-48 his Gesammelte Schriften (Collected writings) were published in ten volumes. After this time he wrote, among other books, Manifest an die deutsche Nation (1866), Geschichte unserer Zeit (1881), Unser System, Revolutionsnovellen, Die Loge des Humanismus, and Aus früherer Zeit (his memoirs; 1863–67). He also wrote many poems, and several dramas and romances, and translated into German various English works, including the Letters of Junius and Buckle's History of Civilization. His Letters and Diary (1825–80) were published by Paul Nerrlich (Berlin, 1885–87). See A. W. Bolin's L. Feuerbach, pp. 127–52 (Stuttgart, 1891).
Notes
- ^ New International Encyclopedia(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
- ^ Warren Breckman, "Arnold Ruge: Radical Democracy and the Politics of Personhood, 1838-1843," Marx, the Young Hegelians and the Origins of Radical Social Theory: Dethroning the Self. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999
- ^ A History of Philosophy, volume VII, p. 301.
- ^ Copleston p.307
- ^ Brian E. Vick, Defining Germany: the 1848 Frankfurt parliamentarians and national identity, Harvard University Press, 2002, p. 192.
References
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ruge, Arnold". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the