Atlantic croaker

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Atlantic croaker

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Acanthuriformes
Family: Sciaenidae
Genus: Micropogonias
Species:
M. undulatus
Binomial name
Micropogonias undulatus
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Synonyms[2]
  • Perca undulata Linnaeus, 1766
  • Micropogon undulatus (Linnaeus, 1766)
  • Sciaena croker Lacépède, 1802
  • Bodianus costatus Mitchill, 1815
  • Micropogon lineatus Cuvier, 1830

The Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) is a species of marine

Sciaenops ocellatus), the spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and the weakfish (Cynoscion regalis). It is commonly found in sounds and estuaries from Massachusetts to the Gulf of Mexico
.

Description

Atlantic croaker in Pass Christian, Mississippi

The name croaker is descriptive of the noise the fish makes by vibrating strong muscles against its

middens.[5] These fish are popular catches among recreational anglers.[citation needed
]

Distribution and habitat

The Atlantic croaker is native to coastal waters in the western Atlantic Ocean. Its range extends from Massachusetts to Mexico and includes the northern half of the Caribbean Sea but possibly not the southern Gulf of Mexico or the Antilles. It is also thought to live on the coasts of southern Brazil and Argentina. It is usually found in bays and estuaries over sandy or muddy bottoms where it feeds on polychaete worms, crustaceans and small fish.[2] The croaker visits the Chesapeake Bay from March through October and is found throughout the Bay as far north as the Susquehanna Flats.[6]

Management

Croaker populations greatly vary from year to year, and can be dependent on the conditions of their habitats. Their management is challenging due to the variability in their numbers.[2] Due to a wide range and large population, croaker are listed as species of Least Concern by the IUCN.[7]

Importance in scientific research

In 1999, an

ZIP9 Protein was discovered in the brain, ovary and testicular tissues of Atlantic croaker.[8]

References

  1. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T193268A82667096.en
    . Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  2. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2023). "Micropogonias undulatus" in FishBase. February 2023 version.
  3. ^ Program, Chesapeake Bay. "Atlantic Croaker - Chesapeake Bay Program". www.chesapeakebay.net.
  4. ^ "Atlantic Croaker". Retrieved 2017-09-03.
  5. ^ "Atlantic Croaker_ Taxonomy and Basic Description" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2013-03-31.
  6. ^ "Atlantic Croaker". Chesapeake Bay Program. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  7. ^ "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Micropogonias undulatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. December 2009.
  8. PMID 10098494
    .
  • Robins, C. Richard, G. Carleton Ray, and John Douglass. A Field Guide to Atlantic Coast Fishes-North America. Houghton Mifflin Company. New York. 1986. 184–188.
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