Baháʼí Faith in Tanzania
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The Baháʼí Faith in Tanzania begins when the first
Early history
For much of the history of the country it was known as
ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's Tablets of the Divine Plan
ʻAbdu'l-Bahá wrote a series of letters, or
The first Baháʼí to visit Tanganyika may have been
After
Ten-Year Crusade
In 1953
In 1954 Dr. Farhūmand left Tehran and settled in the country with his three children; his wife followed.[17] Dr. Farhūmand was particularly noted for his founding a multiracial clinic in Dar es Salaam and eventually served as personal physician to the first president of Tanzania. The death of a Persian Baháʼí, Mrs. Afrūḵta, widow of Yunis Khan, provided the opportunity for the still emerging Baháʼí community of Dar es Salaam to establish the first multiracial cemetery in that city.
By January 1956 the first Baháʼí arrived on
The regional assembly established short term schools - Tanganyika held its first weekend school in 1957.[30] The school started on a Saturday afternoon with an opening devotional program and the first class, followed by dinner and an evening of social activity. Sunday morning and part of the afternoon was devoted to more classes, panel discussions, demonstrations of the various procedures of Baha'i administrative life, such as elections and consultations, and question and answer sessions, and ending with a devotional. In early 1957 Gung moved from Tanganyika to Uganda where she founded a multi-racial kindergarten nursery.[31] In April the Local Spiritual Assembly of Dar es Salaam obtained their civic registration according to the Trustee's Incorporation Ordinance of Tanganyika.[32] The community of Tanganyika held three weekend schools in 1959.[33] Four Tanganyikan's attended the centralized school held in Kampala in 1960.[34] Conferences on the progress of the religion were held in 1960 at Mashi and Tunga with attendance by Hand of Cause Músá Banáni.[35]
In 1961 the
The growth in the religion across the regional assembly of Central and East Africa was called "the most spectacular" by the
Survey
In 1963 a survey was accomplished of the religion. In Tanzania it identifies there were 41 assemblies, 65 groups between 1 and 9 adults, and 48 isolated individuals.
- The assemblies included those from .
- Registered groups of Baháʼís included those from
A national community
Following the election of the
Developments within and without
In 1970
In 1976 the national assembly produced a document Loyalty to Government: The Baha'i Viewpoint[54] as well as participated in a national conference on the progress of the religion as part of a broad review across the region kicked off by an international conference held in Kenya.[55] 1976 also saw the national assembly of Swaziland, Mozambique and Angola printing translations of Baháʼí prayers into the Yao language spoken in southern Tanzania and beyond.[56] A Tanzanian delegation also met with Rashidi Kawawa and presented volume XIV of Baháʼí World.[57]
The
In 1986 the Universal House of Justice asked several African countries to develop audio-visual Mobile Teaching Institutes including Tanzania.
Service for society
Since its inception the religion has had involvement in
Modern community
Internal developments
Savannah, Georgia native Mike O'Neal and son Darrell took on a multi-nation tour of Africa on behalf of the Universal House of Justice as part of a delegation of other African-American Bahai's who visited Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania in January 1999.[75]
A succession of newsletters relates the advancement of the implementation of the Ruhi Institute and other recent developments in Tanzania.[76] The November 2001 newsletter reviews the recent plans affecting Baháʼí development from 1996.[77] The March 2002 edition reviews the books of the Ruhi Institute and the role of tutors.[78] The June 2002 focuses on the role of the tutor.[79] The September 2002 newsletter calls for a campaign for more tutors especially in four regions of Tanzania as well as the opportunities and limitations of being a tutor.[80] The February 2003 newsletter related the number of Ruhi Books and the categorization of a cluster, celebrated tutors who had facilitated many courses as well as news that some of the general public had taken part in study circles.[81] The August 2003 newsletter focused on the case of the Nyaruyoba Cluster, found in Kibondo District (Kigoma) and noted it was the fastest advancing cluster in Tanzania. It also reviewed with some detail which locations had proceeded further through the books and goals to look forward to.[82]
Multiplying interests
The Universal House of Justice released a letter "to the world's religious leaders" in April 2002. In Tanzania, the Baha'i community conveyed this letter to about 30 leaders. Some of the responses were positive - for example, Biharilal Keshavji Tanna of the Hindu Council of Tanzania wrote: "I have read the document with great interest and feel that it contains a supremely important message not only to the leaders of the faith groups, but to all thinking individuals, who must shoulder the duty and responsibility of breaking down barriers amongst the various groups of the family of mankind."[83]
The Baháʼís worked with other religious leaders through the Christian Social Services Commission to work with people in the villages and sub-villages (vijiji and vitongoji) in preventing malaria.[84]
An article by a university scholar in the Encyclopedia of Peace Education noticed that Baháʼís contribute to peace through involvement in interfaith activities and dialogue to encourage religious tolerance, freedom of belief and elimination of religious prejudice and presented the efforts of the Baha'i community in Tanzania to hold a day for all religions to pray for peace on November 9, 2005.[85]
In 2006 the Dar es Salaam Union Student Organization and the Baháʼí community of Tanzania sponsored a symposium which examined the theme "The Role of Family and Youth in Establishing Brighter Communities." The event was held on United Nations Day and placed a number people on panels to discuss issues - Baha'is, government officers, Christian NGO leaders, youth leaders, an author, and a university professor and similar groups were in the audience.[86]
The
Ruaha Secondary School
The Ruaha Secondary School, is a Baháʼí school run by the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Tanzania.[8] Its development reaches back to 1985 when Baháʼí funds began the construction of the site,[72][73] that the town of Iringa had donated using bricks that were fired onsite.[8] With the approval of the Tanzanian Ministry of Education classes began on March 27, 1986. It added a year of school per year it was open aiming to include technical college level course work. By 1988 the school had 300 students. The curriculum, which is determined by the Ministry, includes English, Swahili, geography, history, agriculture, chemistry, physics, biology, political science, mathematics and religion - Christian, Islamic and Baháʼí studies included, by representatives of different religions.[9] Each student takes part in regularly scheduled activities in self-reliance such as carrying bricks, planting bananas, digging foundations, watering and weeding his own trees, etc. Several of the founding staff were pioneers to Tanzania - one from Iran, one from Lebanon, one from Australia, and three from America. There was also local staff hired as teachers. The school is affiliated with a local teacher training college and also provides services to the local community.
In 1992 a paper was presented examining implementing computer technologies in an African context.[89] In 1999 the school advertised for teachers and staff for Accounts/Computers and English/oral Education Teacher and was associated with the local Baha'i nursery school. It also advertised for Baháʼí Youth Year of Service opportunities.[90][91] It also received a two-year, US$122,000 grant to build a new girls' dormitory capable of housing 120 students. The grant, for 141,630 Euros, was given by the Unity Foundation, a Baháʼí-inspired development agency in Luxembourg. The first installment of the grant was sent in 2001.[92] The rest arrived by October 2002.[93]
One of the unique aspects to the school culture is the total absence of
In more recent years it has had support from Mona Foundation.[96] A site master site plan was evolved with help from architect Ben Hufford, of Yost Grube Hall Architectural Firm in Portland, Oregon in February 2006. In August 2006 two trainers were sent to give a workshop for selected staff in the use of Microsoft Unlimited Potential curriculum. The foundation has contributed funds for construction of a boys' hostel (120 bed capacity), a kitchen/dry foods store, a water system (borehole well) and for purchase of a generator to provide electricity during outages.
Demographics
In 1993, just over 50 years from the start of the presence of the religion in the region, there were an estimated 223,000 Baháʼís in East Africa and 1,268 Baháʼí local spiritual assemblies. Baháʼís could be found in 508 localities, of which 191 have spiritual assemblies in Tanzania.[17] In 2000 - the World Christian Encyclopedia estimated some 140,600 Baháʼís in Tanzania.[97] In 2005 Association of Religion Data Archives, based on World Christian Encyclopedia, estimated some 163,800, Baháʼís (0.4% of the national population.)[10]
See also
Further reading
- Mwangi P. Nganga (2008). The Role of Religion in Social Transformational Disharmony: A Case Study of the Integration of the Sinai Church and the Bahai Faith in Ipapa, Tanzania 1972- 2005 (PDF) (Ph.D.). Kenya: University of Nairobi.
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