Battle of Constantinople (1241)
Battle of Constantinople | |||||||
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Part of the Nicaean-Latin Wars | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Empire of Nicaea | Republic of Venice | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Iophre the Armenian | Giovanni Michiel |
The Battle of Constantinople was a naval battle between the fleets of the Empire of Nicaea and the Republic of Venice that occurred in May–June 1241 near Constantinople.
Background
In early 1241, while the
Battle
According to
Historical assessment
Akropolites and a 14th-century hagiography of Emperor John III attribute this defeat to the inexperience of the crews, claiming that for many of them this was their first sea voyage.[8] According to Akropolites, the fleet commander, Manuel Kontophre, had warned the Emperor that the Nicaeans would lose in any naval combat with the Latins due to their inexperience, only to be dismissed and replaced by Iophre (Geoffrey) the Armenian, an otherwise unknown personage whom Akropolites describes as "rather hesitant in matters of war".[3] After the defeat vindicated him, Kontophre was reinstated as commander of the fleet.[9]
According to the contemporary chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines, these hostilities were followed in June by a two-year truce between Vatatzes, the Latins, and the Bulgarian ruler Kaliman I.[7]
References
- ^ Macrides 2007, p. 203.
- ^ Macrides 2007, pp. 203, 205 note 14.
- ^ a b Macrides 2007, pp. 203–204.
- ^ a b c Morreale 2009, p. 33.
- ^ Macrides 2007, p. 204.
- ^ Jacoby 2006, pp. 74–75.
- ^ a b Macrides 2007, p. 206 note 18.
- ^ Macrides 2007, pp. 203, 205 note 15.
- ^ Macrides 2007, p. 206 note 17.
Sources
- Jacoby, David (2006). "The Venetian Government and Administration in Latin Constantinople, 1204–1261: A State within a State". In Gherardo Ortalli; Giorgio Ravegnani; Peter Schreiner (eds.). Quarta Crociata. Venezia - Bisanzio - Impero latino. Atti delle giornate di studio. Venezia, 4-8 maggio 2004. Venice: Istituto veneto di scienze, lettere ed arti. pp. 19–79. ISBN 978-8-8881-4374-3.
- Macrides, Ruth, ed. (2007). George Akropolites: The History - Introduction, translation and commentary. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-921067-1.
- Morreale, Laura K., ed. (2009). Martin da Canal, Les Estoires de Venise. Padova. ISBN 978-88-8098-267-8.)
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