Battle of Nadaun

Coordinates: 31°47′N 76°21′E / 31.783°N 76.350°E / 31.783; 76.350
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Battle of Nadaun
Part of the
Nadaun
Result
Bilaspur State victory[3][4]
Belligerents

Bilaspur State

Under Assistance of:

Akal Sena (Sikhs) Mughal Empire
Kangra State
Bijarwal StateCommanders and leaders

Bhim Chand Chandel

Dayaram Pandit
Parmanand Pandit

Guru Gobind Rai
Mughal-Sikh Wars

The Battle of Nadaun, alternatively known as the Hussaini Yudh

Bilaspur State and Sikh alliance.[11]

Different authors give the date of the battle variously as 1687,[12][13] 1689,[14][15] 1690,[16] 20 March 1691,[17] and 4 April 1691.[18]

Bichitra Natak, considered to be the autobiography of Guru Gobind Singh
, is one of the major sources of information about the battle. However, its authorship is disputed by some scholars.

Cause

The Mughal emperor

Punjab, Azim Khan, to recover annual tributes from the rulers of hill states, who had been defaulting on the payment for three consecutive years.[17]

Azim Khan assigned the duty of collecting tributes to Mian Khan, the viceroy of Jammu. The duty of collecting tributes from Kangra and adjoining principalities was assigned to Alif Khan (or Alaf Khan).[19]

Alif Khan first approached Raja Kirpal Chand (or Bhim Chand Katoch

Nadaun
and sent his envoy to Bhim Chand of Bilaspur with his demands. However, Bhim Chand refused to pay the tribute.

Raja Bhim Chand of Bilaspur formed an alliance with the rest of the hill Rajas, and also sought the support of Guru Gobind Singh. The Guru, who was against the idea of paying tributes to the Mughals, decided to support Bhim Chand.

Description in Bichitra Natak

The author of Bichitra Natak states that Bhim Chand was aided by Raj Singh, Ram Singh, Sukhdev Gaji of Jasrot, and Prithi Chand of Dadhwal, among others.[20] He also states that the Rajputs of the Nanglua and Panglu tribes, and the soldiers of Jaswar and Guler, also participated in the battle.[21] The Mughal forces were led by Hussain Khan.[22]

Initially, the forces of Kirpal Chand overpowered Bhim Chand's forces.[23] Then, Bhim Chand recited Hanuman mantras, and called all his allies, including the Guru.[24] As the combined forces launched an attack, the enemy forces of Raja Dayal of Bijharwal and Raja Kirpal also advanced.[25] In the ensuing battle, the forces of Mughals and Kirpal Chand were driven out into the river.[26] Alif Khan and his warriors fled away.[27]

The battle drums beat and horses danced. Weapons were wielded and the 'krrak' of steel against steel was heard. Fearless warriors clashed and the Nihangs roared. Swords were wielded and young warriors were laid low. Muskets fired with a 'trrak', arrows flew with a 'krrak'. Javelins found their mark with a 'srrak', long-shafted axes struck with a 'shrrak'. Warriors roared. Immovable warriors clashed. Nihangs moved about like leopards. Horses neighed and trumpets blew. Warriors reigned down blows with a 'trrak'. Other warriors endured them. Nihangs fell martyred, lying on the ground as if intoxicated with cannabis, their hair open like dreadlocked ascetics.

— Guru Gobind Singh, 'Bachittar Natak', Dasam Granth, chapter 11, verses 18–23, translation published in 'Warrior Saints: Four Centuries of Sikh Military History' (2017; Vol. I; page 18) by Amandeep Singh Madra and Parmjit Singh[28]

Aftermath

Soon after the battle, Chand patched up his quarrel with the Mughal faujdar and agreed to pay tribute to them. Guru Gobind Singh reacted to this by plundering a village in his territory.[29]

According to Bichitra Natak, Guru Gobind Singh remained at Nadaun, on the banks of the River Beas, for eight more days, and visited the places of all the chiefs.[27] Later, both the parties made an agreement and peace was established.[30]

Later,

Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee in 1935.[17]
It is known as Gurudwara Dasvin Patshahi or Gurdwara Nadaun Sahib.

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-313-33536-5. Archived from the original
    on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  2. ^ Jacques, p. 704
  3. OCLC 49259
    .
  4. ISBN 9788186505465
    .
  5. ^ Kaur, Madanjit. "Guru Gobind Singh and His Mission". Institute of Sikh Studies, Chandigarh (sikhinstitute.org). Retrieved 27 February 2023. In the Dasam Granth this battle is referred to as the Hussaini Yudh after the name of the Mughal commander Hussain Khan who was heading the Mughal troops.
  6. OCLC 294940899
    .
  7. ^ Singh, Teja; Singh, Ganda (1950). A Short History of the Sikhs: 1496-1765. Orient Longmans. p. 65.
  8. OCLC 63386918
    .
  9. ISBN 9780190990381
    .
  10. ISBN 978-81-86505-46-5
    .
  11. OCLC 49259
    .
  12. OCLC 1339733
    .
  13. OCLC 164789879
    . A fierce battle was fought at Nadaun in 1687.
  14. OCLC 2654849
    .
  15. OCLC 115772
    . This battle of Nadaun was fought in November, 1689.
  16. OCLC 6330455
    . This is known as the battle of Nadaun and was fought probably late in 1690
  17. ^
    The Tribune
    . Retrieved 6 December 2007.
  18. ^ "Temples in the District: Gurudwara sahib Nadaun". NIC Hamirpur. Archived from the original on 20 December 2007. Retrieved 6 December 2007.
  19. ISBN 978-81-8382-075-2
    .
  20. Bichitra Natak. Chapter 9, Chaupai 3-4 Archived 17 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  21. Bichitra Natak. Chapter 9, Chaupai 16 Archived 9 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ Kaur, Madanjit. "Guru Gobind Singh and His Mission". Institute of Sikh Studies, Chandigarh (sikhinstitute.org). Retrieved 27 February 2023. In the Dasam Granth this battle is referred to as the Hussaini Yudh after the name of the Mughal commander Hussain Khan who was heading the Mughal troops.
  23. Bichitra Natak. Chapter 9, Chaupai 4-5 Archived 17 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  24. Bichitra Natak. Chapter 9, Chaupai 6 Archived 17 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  25. Bichitra Natak. Chapter 9, Chaupai 7 Archived 17 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  26. Bichitra Natak. Chapter 9, Chaupai 19 Archived 9 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^
    Bichitra Natak. Chapter 9, Chaupai 22 Archived 9 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  28. ISBN 9780956016850
    .
  29. ISBN 9780521637640
    .
  30. Bichitra Natak. Chapter 9, Chaupai 23 Archived 9 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine

External links

31°47′N 76°21′E / 31.783°N 76.350°E / 31.783; 76.350

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