Battle of Jajau
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Battle of Jajau | |||||||
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Part of Mughal war of succession (1707) | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Mughals under Bahadur Shah I Supported byKhalsa (Sikhs)[1][2] |
Azam Shah | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Isa Khan Main
Supported by |
Jai Singh II Rao Dalpat Bundela † Ram Singh Hada † Mirza Sadr-ud-din Muhammad Khan Tarbiyat Khan † Mutallib Khan Salabat Khan † Aqil Khan † Safawi Khan Bakhshi † Shujat Khan † Ibrahim Khan Tabrizi Usman Khan Matlab Khan (WIA) Khudabanda Khan (WIA) Muhammad Bakir † Mir Atash † Muhammad Ishaq † Ibrahim Khan † Ahmad Khan † Darya Khan † Sayyid Abdullah † Sherani Khan † Abdullah Beg † Hazrat Quli Sistani † Dilawar Khan † Ibrahim Beg Babari † Ismail Khan † Sher Afkan Khan † Mast Ali Khan † Mir Nayaz † Janbaz Khan † Tari Khan † | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
170,000 horsemen[7]195,000 infantry |
90,000 horsemen[8] 40,000 infantry[8] | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
10,000 soldiers[9] |
10,000 soldiers[9] 12,000 horsemen[9] | ||||||
Azam Shah and his 3 sons were buried in Humayun's Tomb, Delhi |
The Battle of Jajau was fought between the two Mughal princes and brothers
Background and preparations
Azam was appointed as the
After a 49-year reign, the
On 20 May Bahadur Shah called upon Guru Gobind Singh to join him in the battle. The Guru agreed and sent Kuldeep Singh as a liaison officer. The Guru further sent 200 - 300 men under Bhai Dharam Singh.[14]
With his children,
Bahadur Shah sent a letter to Azam Shah asking him to be content with Southern India, the part of India which had been willed to him by their father Aurangzeb. He also wrote that, if he was not happy with his part, then he was ready to give him the territories of
My share is from the floor to the roof of the house. Yours is from the roof to the firmament.[16]
Conflict
Realising that a battle could not be avoided, Bahadur Shah I marched towards Agra, having decided to fight a battle at Dholpur (34 miles from the city). Under his command, prince Azim-ush-Shan was dispatched with 80,000 horsemen, with 11 crore rupees that he had collected from Bengal, where he was the governor. He was ordered to capture the forts in Chambal (one mile from Dholpur).[8]
As soon as Azam Shah heard that Bahadur Shah I had started preparing for a march towards Agra, he left the fort of
On 17 June, Azam Shah and his battalion reached Mania near Dholpur.[17] After this intelligence reached him, Bahadur Shah I reached Jajau and camped four miles from the city on 18 June. Taking advice from astrologers, he decided to strike on 20 June.[16][unreliable source?]
To collect water, on 20 June, Bidar Bakht and his men headed towards Jajau without knowing that Bahadur Shah was camped there.[18] He came across a village where he found a flowing stream of water. To inform Azam Shah, he sent his messenger, Iradat Khan, to him with the message. When he returned, he informed Bidar Bakht that he had seen Bahadur Shah's advance tents. Khan Alam Dakhvini and Munavvar Khan, who were in charge of the central wing of the troops, were dispatched to attack the tents. Azim-ush-Shan's 500 elephants failed to mount a resistance against the invading forces. The attackers looted the tents and then set them on fire.[19][unreliable source?][20]
Unable to put up a strong fight, Azim-ush-Shan wrote to Bahadur Shah for reinforcements. He responded by sending Munim Khan and Jahandar Shah. Meanwhile, Zulfiqar Khan, who was in charge of the left wing of Azam Shah's army, advised him to wait until the next day to start a full-fledged battle. However, Shah paid no heed.[19][unreliable source?] Seeing 50,000 horsemen approaching, Iradat Khan informed Azam Shah about their advance. In reply, he said that he was "coming to his son".[20]
Bidar Bakht found it difficult to mobilise all of his men to fight since they were "scattered to plunder camp". The attacking force started raining arrows on them and discharging rockets at them. Khan Alam Dakhini charged Bahadur Shah's army with three hundred soldiers.[21] He threw a spear towards Azim-ush-Shan seated in the howdah of the elephant. It missed him and instead hit his attendant, Jalal Khan. Dakhini was killed by an arrow as he attempted to jump on the prince's howdah. Jalal Khan boarded a separate elephant, and after he inflicted an injury on Munavvar Khan, Munavvar Khan's soldiers fled. This exposed the wing of Prince Wala-Jah. Seeing this, Amanullah Khan, who was in charge of a separate wing, hastened to render assistance. But his elephant was set on fire, and his troops fled, thinking that their leader was dead. This made Wala-Jah retreat from the battle.[21]
After this confrontation, Bahadur Shah's
As soon as Bahadur Shah learned of his brother's death, he sent men to retrieve the corpse. They were attacked by Wala-Jah, but Wala-Jah fainted and died. Around 8 o'clock in the evening, Bahadur Shah's aide, Rustam Dil Khan, mounted the dead prince's elephant, beheaded the prince, and made his way to Bahadur Shah. However, instead of praises, he received reproaches for his action. His elephant was followed by two other elephants; the first one contained the dead body of Ali Tabar, the other one carried the dead prince's women, who were assured protection by Bahadur Shah.[9]
Aftermath
The Ibratnama estimates that 12,000 horsemen of Azam Shah lay dead on the battlefield. It further estimates that at least 10,000 infantry soldiers from both sides were dead. Khan Zaman and Khan Alam Dakhini's bodies were sent to Gwalior for burial. Ram Singh Hada and Rao Dalpat Bundela's bodies were sent to Nurabad for cremation. Azam Shah and his three dead sons[9] were buried at Humayun's Tomb in Delhi.[9]
Notes
- ^ Macauliffe, Max (1909). The Sikh religion, its gurus, sacred writings, and authors Volume 5. p. 230.
- ISBN 9781442236011.
- ^ Irvine, p. 89.
- ^ Macauliffe, Max (1909). The Sikh religion, its gurus, sacred writings, and authors Volume 5. p. 230.
- ISBN 9781442236011.
- ISBN 8172053061.
- ^ a b Irvine, p. 22.
- ^ a b c d Irvine, p. 23.
- ^ a b c d e f Irvine, p. 34.
- ^ Sir Jadunath Sarkar (1925). Anecdotes of Aurangzib. M.C. Sarkar & Sons. p. 21.
- ^ Khafi Khan, p. 573.
- ISBN 9780141001432.
- ^ a b Khafi Khan, p. 577.
- ISBN 8172053061.
- ^ Irvine, p. 20.
- ^ a b Khafi Khan, p. 587.
- ^ a b Irvine, p. 24.
- ^ Irvine, p. 26.
- ^ a b Khafi Khan, p. 589.
- ^ a b Irvine, p. 28.
- ^ a b Irvine, p. 29.
- ^ Irvine, p. 30.
- ^ Irvine, p. 33.
- ^ A Historian's Approach to Guru Gobind Singh. p. 324.
References
- Khafi Khan, Muhammad (2006). Muntakhab-ul Lubab. Sang-e-Meel. ISBN 9693518829.
- Irvine, William. The Later Mughals; Volume 1. Low Price Publishers.