Bayan Shireh Formation

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Bayan Shireh Formation
Ma
Type
Approximate paleocoordinates
46°30′N 100°00′E / 46.5°N 100.0°E / 46.5; 100.0
RegionGobi Desert
Country Mongolia
Type section
Named forBayan Shireh
Named byVasiliev et al.
Year defined1959

Fossil localities in Mongolia. From C to D, mainly Bayan Shireh locations

The Bayan Shireh Formation (also known as Baynshiree/Baynshire, Baynshirenskaya Svita or Baysheen Shireh) is a geological formation in Mongolia, that dates to the Cretaceous period. It was first described and established by Vasiliev et al. 1959.[1]

Description

The Bayan Shireh Formation is primarily composed by varicoloured

rivers with direct connections to the sea drained a prominent part of the eastern Gobi region.[3][6][8]

Stratigraphy

According to Jerzykiewicz and Russell, the Bayan Shireh Formation can be divided into 2 informal units: upper and lower beds.

water bodies.[11]

Based on comparisons with other formations, Jerzykiewicz and Russell suggested that the Bayan Shireh

U–Pb measurements performed by Kurumada and colleagues in 2020 have estimated the exact age of the Bayan Shireh Formation from 102–86 Ma, based on dates obtained of 95.9 ± 6.0 Ma and 89.6 ± 4.0 Ma.[12]

Correlations

A potential correlation between the Iren Dabasu Formation has been long suggested by most authors, mainly based on the highly similar vertebrate assemblages.[5][13][14][15] However, Van Itterbeeck et al. 2005 argued against this correlation concluding that instead, the Iren Dabasu Formation was coeval with the younger Nemegt Formation based on the charophyte and ostracode assemblages; therefore, these formations were dated to the Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian.[16] Averianov and Sues instead proposed a correlation between the Bayan Shireh, Iren Dabasu and Bissekty formations.[8] In 2015, Tsuihiji and team found the Iren Dabasu-Nemegt correlation to be inconsistent since the microfossil assemblages used by Van Itterbeeck and colleagues were not restricted to the Maastrichtian period and the similarities between these assemblages were most probably due to a similar deposition and climate settings.[17]

Paleobiota of the Bayan Shireh Formation

In terms of

Abelmoschus esculentus their taxonomic position remains unclear and further examination is required.[23]

Bayan Shireh Formation fauna
Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon
Ootaxon
Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Crocodylomorphs

Crocodylomorphs reported from the Bayan Shireh Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images

Paralligator

P. gradilifrons Sheeregeen Gashoon "Complete skull with fragmentary postcrania."[24][25] A paralligatorid.
P. major Sheeregeen Gashoon "Fragmentary crania."[26][25] A paralligatorid.
Unnamed
crocodylomorph ichnotaxon
 Indeterminate Shine Us Khuduk "Swim tracks."[18] Tracks made underwater by a swimming individual.

Fish

Sharks
reported from the Bayan Shireh Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images
Hybodus H. kansaiensis Bayshin Tsav "Teeth and postcrania."[8] A
hybodontid
.

Osteichthyes spp. Indeterminate "Unspecified material."[8]
Bony fish
.

Flora

Flora reported from the Bayan Shireh Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images
Bothrocaryum B. gobience Khara Khutul "Unspecified material."[27] A cornacean.
Nyssoidea N. mongolica Khara Khutul "Unspecified material."[27] A cornacean.
Angiosperm
spp. 		Indeterminate Bor Guvé, Khara Khutul "
fruits."[23]
 Very abundant at Bor Guvé.

Mammals

Deltatheroidans reported from the Bayan Shireh Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images
Tsagandelta T. dashzevegi Tsagan Tsonj "Partial left dentary."[22] A deltatheroidan.

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs
reported from the Bayan Shireh Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images
Azhdarchidae indet. Indeterminate Bayshin Tsav "Middle cervical vertebra."[28] An
azhdarchid
.
Azhdarchidae indet. Indeterminate Burkhant "Four cervical vertebrae."[28] An
azhdarchid
.

Turtles

Turtles
reported from the Bayan Shireh Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images
Charitonyx C. tajanikolaevae Khara Khutul "Fragmented postcrania."[29][30] A
nanhsiungchelyid
.
Gobiapalone G. orlovi Baynshire, Burkhant, Khongil Tsav "Skull and postcrania."[10] A trionychid.
Hanbogdemys H. orientalis Khara Khutul "Fragmented cervical remains."[30] A
nanhsiungchelyid
.
Kharakhutulia K. kalandadzei Khara Khutul Lower beds "Fragmented postcrania from multiple specimens."[30] A
nanhsiungchelyid
.
Kirgizemys sp. Indeterminate Khara Khutul "Fragmented postcrania."[30] A
nanhsiungchelyid
.
Kizylkumemys K. schultzi Khara Khutul Lower beds "Fragmented postcrania."[31][30] A
nanhsiungchelyid
.
Lindholmemys L. martinsoni Sheeregeen Gashoon, Usheen Khuduk Upper beds "Fragmentary shell."[32] A lindholmemydid.
"Trionyx" T. baynshirensis Baynshire "Fragmentary shell."[10] A trionychine.

Dinosaurs

Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images
Deinonychosauria indet. Indeterminate Shine Us Khuduk "Isolated remains including a pedal phalanx II-2."[33] The pedal phalanx II-2 is similar to Achillobator.
Theropoda indet. Indeterminate Ulribe Khuduk "Nest with eggs."[7] Eggs probably laid by a
theropod
.

Ankylosaurids

Ankylosaurids
reported from the Bayan Shireh Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images
Amtosaurus A. magnus Amtgai "Partial braincase." An
ankylosaurid now regarded as nomen dubium.[34]
Maleevus M. disparoserratus Sheeregeen Gashoon Upper beds "Partial maxillae and a referred braincase." An
ankylosaurid now regarded as nomen dubium.[35]
Talarurus T. plicatospineus Bayshin Tsav, Baynshire, Shine Us Khuduk "Multiple specimens including partial to nearly complete skulls and postcranial remains."[36][37][38][39][21] An
ankylosaurid
.
Tsagantegia T. longicranialis Tsagan Teg "Skull lacking lower jaws."[40][21] An
ankylosaurid
.

Ceratopsians

Ceratopsians
reported from the Bayan Shireh Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images
Graciliceratops G. mongoliensis Sheeregeen Gashoon Upper beds "Fragmented skull and postcrania."[41][42] A neoceratopsian originally identified as Microceratus.
Unnamed
neoceratopsian
 Indeterminate Bayshin Tsav "Left maxilla and teeth."[43] A
neoceratopsian
.

Dromaeosaurids

Dromaeosaurids
reported from the Bayan Shireh Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images
Achillobator A. giganticus Burkhant "Maxilla and fragmentary postcrania."[44] A giant
dromaeosaurid
.
Dromaeosauridae indet. Indeterminate Burkhant "Claw and large postcranial remains."[45][46] A
dromaeosaurid
.
Unnamed velociraptorine Indeterminate Shine Us Khuduk, Tel Ulan Chaltsai "Fragmentary crania and postcrania from two specimens."[47][48][49] A
dromaeosaurid
.

Hadrosaurs

Hadrosaurs
reported from the Bayan Shireh Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images
Amblydactylus spp. Indeterminate Baynshire "Five three-toed footprints."[50]
Ornithopod
tracks.
Gobihadros G. mongoliensis Bayshin Tsav, Baynshire, Char Teeg, Khongil Tsav, Khoorai Tsav Upper beds "Multiple specimens with a virtually complete skull and postcranial remains".[19][11] A
hadrosauroid
.
Hadrosauroidea indet. Indeterminate Shine Us Khuduk "Isolated surangular".[33] A
hadrosauroid
.
Ovaloolithidae
indet. 		Indeterminate Mogoyn Ulagiyn Khaets "Eggs, shells and egg clutches."[51] Eggs probably laid by a
hadrosaur
.
Spheroolithus sp. Indeterminate Sheeregeen Gashoon "Egg clutch."[52] Eggs probably laid by a
hadrosaur
.
Undescribed Hadrosauroidea Indeterminate Amtgai, Bayshin Tsav, Bayshin Tsav IV, Khoorai Tsav "Multiple postcranial remains including an articulated skeleton."[7]
Hadrosauroid
remains.
Undescribed
hadrosauroids
 Indeterminate Baynshire "Remains of at least two juvenile hadrosauroids."[53] Juvenile
hadrosauroids
in a caenagnathoid nesting site.
Unnamed
hadrosauroid
 Indeterminate Baynshire, Char Teeg Upper beds "Partial right dentary and sparse postcranial remains."[11] A
hadrosauroid
slightly smaller than Gobihadros.
Unnamed
hadrosauroid
 Indeterminate Bayshin Tsav "Nearly complete skeleton from a juvenile individual."[54] A
hadrosauroid
distinct from Gobihadros.

Ornithomimosaurs

Ornithomimosaurs
reported from the Bayan Shireh Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images
"Gallimimus" "G. mongoliensis" Bayshin Tsav "Complete skull with postcrania only lacking the caudal region."[55] An informally named
ornithomimid that actually differs from Gallimimus
.
Garudimimus G. brevipes Bayshin Tsav "Skull with fragmented postcrania."[56][57][58] An
ornithomimosaur
.
Undescribed
ornithomimosaur
 Indeterminate Amtgai "Nearly 1 m (3.3 ft) long ulna."[59] A large
ornithomimosaur
.
Undescribed
ornithomimosaurs
 Indeterminate Baynshire, Bayshin Tsav, Khongil Tsav, Sheeregeen Gashoon, Shine Us Khuduk "More than five specimens and a bonebed containing mainly postcranial elements."[33][60][61][62][63] Multiple
ornithomimosaurian
taxa.

Oviraptorosaurs

Oviraptorosaurs
reported from the Bayan Shireh Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images
Caenagnathoidea indet. Indeterminate Baynshire "Nests including
elongatoolithid eggs and associated juveniles."[53]
 A large
caenagnathoid
nesting site.
Macroelongatoolithus indet. Indeterminate Baynshire "Eggs within a large nest."[64] Eggs probably laid by a large
oviraptorosaur
.
Unnamed
caenagnathid
 Indeterminate Tsagan Teg "Partial lower jaw similar to Gigantoraptor."[17] A large
caenagnathid
.

Pachycephalosaurs

Pachycephalosaurs
reported from the Bayan Shireh Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images
Amtocephale A. gobiensis Amtgai "Nearly complete frontoparietal dome."[65] A primitive
pachycephalosaurid
.

Sauropods

Sauropods
reported from the Bayan Shireh Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images
Erketu E. ellisoni Bor Guvé "Vertebrae and postcrania."[23] A somphospondylan.
Sauropoda indet. Indeterminate Amtgai "Partial vertebrae and pelvic elements."[33] A
sauropod
.
Unnamed
sauropod
 Indeterminate Shine Us Khuduk "Articulated skeleton."[33] A
sauropod
.
Unnamed
ichnogenus
 Indeterminate Khavirgiin Dzo "Four consecutive hind footprints."[66]
Sauropod
tracks.
Unnamed
titanosaur
 Indeterminate Bor Guvé "Vertebrae."[67] A
titanosaur
.

Therizinosaurs

Therizinosaurs
reported from the Bayan Shireh Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images
Dendroolithidae
spp. 		Indeterminate Baynshire "Various nests and egg clutches."[68][69] Eggs probably laid by a
therizinosaur
Enigmosaurus E. mongoliensis Khara Khutul "Incompletely preserved pelvis."[70][71][72] A
therizinosauroid
.
Erlikosaurus E. andrewsi Bayshin Tsav Upper beds "Skull, right pes, and left humerus."[71][73][72] A
therizinosaurid
.
Segnosaurus S. galbinensis Amtgai, Bayshin Tsav, Khara Khutul, Ulribe Khuduk "Multiple specimens including the lower jaws and partial postcrania."[74][71][72] A large
therizinosaurid
.
Undescribed
therizinosaurs
 Indeterminate Bayshin Tsav, Khara Khutul, Shine Us Khuduk "Cranial and postcranial elements from multiple specimens."[75][76][45][77][78][33][72] Some elements may represent already named taxa.
Unnamed
therizinosaur
 Indeterminate Ulribe Khuduk "Forelimbs with two digits, partial pelvis and vertebrae."[79] A two-fingered
therizinosaur
.

Troodontids

Troodontids
reported from the Bayan Shireh Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images
Undescribed
troodontid
 Indeterminate Bayshin Tsav "Partial vertebrae, forelimbs and hindlimbs."[80][81] A
troodontid
.

Tyrannosaurs

Tyrannosaurs
reported from the Bayan Shireh Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic Position Material Notes Images
Alectrosaurus? A. olseni? Bayshin Tsav "Two specimens, fragmentary skull and postcrania."[82][83] A
tyrannosauroid also present in the Iren Dabasu Formation
Tyrannosauroidea indet. Indeterminate Tsagan Teg "An isolated nearly complete left frontal."[84] A
tyrannosauroid
.

See also

References

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