Berezne

Coordinates: 50°59′48″N 26°44′22″E / 50.99667°N 26.73944°E / 50.99667; 26.73944
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Berezne
Березне
Orthodox church in Berezne
Orthodox church in Berezne
Magdeburg law
1584
Population
 (2022)
 • Total13,126

Berezne (

administrative center of Berezne Raion until it was merged with Rivne Raion in 2020. Population: 13,126 (2022 estimate).[1]

Overview

Berezne (historically known also as Bereźno as well as

Polish census of 1931, the whole county had a population of 159,600 inhabitants, including 102,609 Ukrainians (overwhelmingly in villages: at 100,651), 34,450 Poles (32,189 in villages), and 10,786 Jews, along with significant numbers of Germans, Czechs, and Ruthenians.[4]

Interwar period

In the Second Polish Republic during the interwar period, Bereźne bore the distinction of being one of the two cities in Poland with the most Jewish inhabitants in the country. Some 94.6 percent of Bereźne overall population of 2,494 inhabitants (or 2,360 persons), were Jewish. The second largest Jewish presence in Poland, amounting to 94.4 percent of the town's population, was in Luboml.[5]

Berezne park
Berezne Forestry College

World War II

Bereźne was overrun by the Soviets in 1939. In 1941 the German

local ghetto. In the following year the Ukrainian Hilfsverwaltung together with the Germans, used Jews for slave labor, and hardly any food was supplied for them. The Jews forced to work in the forest were frequently tortured. Those who escaped related accounts of the slave labor and beatings. In August 1942 a detachment of SD entered the town. Immediately the Jews received even more severe beatings. Three days later all Jews that could be found were taken from the ghetto into the woods, where they were forced to dig a large pit. They were shot and buried at the same location. Many of the Jews that escaped into the woods were caught and delivered to the Germans by the local Ukrainians, who aided the SS in the process of "ethnic cleansing" known as the Holocaust by bullets.[6]

In 1943, during the Volhynian Genocide, 96 ethnic Poles of Berezne were murdered by Ukrainian nationalists of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. The first attack on the town took place in June 1943. Other attacks occurred in the second half of that year, and as a result Polish survivors fled to larger towns, such as Rowne. In June 1945 the remaining Poles were forced to leave Berezne in accordance with the Allied treaties.

After the breakup of the Soviet Union, culminating with Ukrainian independence, Berézne became the administrative centre of the Berezne Raion of western Ukraine.

The Holocaust survivors

Only a few hundred of the Jews of Berezne survived the Holocaust. Most of them escaped from the forest camp to the village of Mazorisz (Mazorish) where the Polish villagers that gave them food and shelter in return for firewood used for heating. Some left the area together with the Communists, before the Nazis entered. For many years there stood a monument memorializing the over 3,000 men, women, and children who were slaughtered by the Nazis and local Ukrainian collaborators, at the site of their mass grave. Corresponding to common Soviet practice, the Soviet authorities refused to mention on the monument that the 3,680 murdered victims were Jews, instead describing them as "citizens of the Soviet Union".[6]

References

  1. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  2. Gubernia, after administrative changes in the Polish Second Republic in 1922, was assigned to Powiat Kostopol as seat of the Kostopol County. Archived from the original
    on 2018-01-29 – via Internet Archive, 2018-01-29.
  3. ^ "Історія міста Березне" [History of Berezne]. www.berezne.org (in Ukrainian). 2008. Archived from the original on 2009-04-07. Retrieved 2021-05-27 – via Internet Archive, 2009-04-07.
  4. GUS (1938). "Population of Powiat Kostopol per religion, gender and language"
    (PDF). Polish National Census of 1931 for the Volynian Voivodeship. Page 56 / 361 in current document (or 26 in print) – via Wikimedia Commons.
  5. ISSN 1643-2312. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-11-22 – via Internet Archive. Najwyższy udział ludności wyznania mojżeszowego charakteryzował dwa miasta na Wołyniu: Luboml
    (94,4%) liczący 3328 mieszkańców, w tym 3141 Żydów, i Bereźne (94,6%) z 2494 mieszkańcami, w tym 2360 wyznania mojżeszowego.
  6. ^ a b Virtual Shtetl. "History of the Jewish community of Bereźne" [Historia. Społeczność żydowska]. Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich. Archived from the original on 2012-12-21 – via Archive.is 2012-12-21.

Further reading

External links
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