Boloria eunomia
Boloria eunomia | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Lepidoptera |
Family: | Nymphalidae |
Genus: | Boloria |
Species: | B. eunomia
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Binomial name | |
Boloria eunomia Esper , 1799 | |
Synonyms | |
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Boloria eunomia, the bog fritillary or ocellate bog fritillary is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.
Description
The length of the
The butterfly may be threatened by bog hydrology.[2] The males search for females in wet areas.[3] The butterfly has the subspecies triclaris (from Newfoundland to Alberta), nichollae (Alberta), and denali (Alaska and northern Yukon). The butterfly flies close to the ground.[4] The species is listed as vulnerable.[5] They eat nectar from flowers including Labrador tea and goldenrod.[3] The species flies from the end of May till the beginning of August.[5] The butterfly can be distinguished from similar species by looking on the hindwing underside; this species is the only one with a row of silvery submarginal spots.[6]
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Dosal side
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Ventral side
Habitat
It is found throughout the north-temperate region of the Northern Hemisphere[6] including the Balkan Mountains of Bulgaria and one isolated population in Serbia.[7] The species is not mentioned in the Red Data Book of Serbian butterflies because it was not known to be in the country at the time of it being published.[7] The species is commonly found in open acid bogs in areas that are moist.[2] It can also be found in moist tundra and willow seeps.[3]
Caterpillars
The eggs are laid in groups of 2 to 4 under the
Behavior
Mating system and migration
Proclossiana eunomia exhibits a polygynous mating system which is quite common in butterflies with short breeding periods.[9] With breeding periods of 5 and 7 days, respectively for males and females, there is little time to maximize matings. The butterfly Proclossiana eunomia wants to pass on as many genes as it can in its short lifespan and thus males do not discriminate, trying to court all females they encounter. On the other hand, females are a bit more selective and have been observed to refuse incoming males either by displaying a mate-refusal posture or by simply fleeing away.[9]
This pattern of mating affects the migratory behavior of
References
- ^ Seitz. A. in Seitz, A. ed. Band 1: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen Tagfalter, 1909, 379 Seiten, mit 89 kolorierten Tafeln (3470 Figuren) This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b "Bog Fritillary (Boloria eunomia)". Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Archived from the original on 2010-06-06. Retrieved 2010-05-24.
- ^ a b c d "Bog Fritillary Boloria eunomia (Esper, 1800)". Butterflies and Moths of North America. Archived from the original on 2009-07-23. Retrieved 2010-05-24.
- ^ a b "Bog Fritillary Boloria eunomia (Esper, 1800)". Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility. Archived from the original on 2008-01-10. Retrieved 2010-05-24.
- ^ a b "Boloria eunomia (Esper, 1799)". Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Belgium. Retrieved 2010-05-24.
- ^ a b c Schmidt, B. C. (April 2, 2003). "Species Details Boloria eunomia". University of Alberta Museums. E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
- ^ a b "Boloria eunomia". Prime Butterfly Areas: A tool for nature conservation in Serbia. The Butterfly Conservation Europe and Serbian NGO HabiProt. Archived from the original on 2012-03-06. Retrieved 2010-05-24.
- ISBN 978-0-19-514987-6.
- ^ .
External links
- Media related to Boloria eunomia at Wikimedia Commons
- Butterflies of Europe (in Dutch)