Brodiaeoideae
| Brodiaeoideae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Dichelostemma capitatum | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Asparagaceae |
| Subfamily: | Brodiaeoideae |
| Genera | |
|
12 genera (see text) | |
| |
| Distribution | |
Brodiaeoideae are a
native to Central America and western North America, from British Columbia to Guatemala.[2] The name of the subfamily is based on the type genus Brodiaea
.
In
cultivation, but only species of Brodiaea and Triteleia are commonly grown.[7]
Description
The following description is derived from two sources.[4][8]
; a new corm arising each year from the old one.linear, often fleshy, forming a closed sheath at their base. Veins parallel
.
Inflorescence an umbel, or rarely a single flower, at the apex of a solitary scape. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic. Tepals all similar, in 2 whorls of 3.
Fertile
.superior and trilocular
.
Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seed covered with phytomelan.
History
For most of the 19th and 20th centuries, when the
Alliaceae, or Amaryllidaceae. In 1985, Dahlgren, Clifford, and Yeo treated it as tribe Brodiaeeae of Alliaceae.[9]
Toward the end of the 20th century, it became increasingly evident that the heterogeneous Liliaceae recognized by most authors was several times
polyphyletic and that Brodiaea and its relatives were closer to Asparagus than to Allium or Amaryllis. For these reasons, the family Themidaceae was resurrected in an article in Taxon in 1996.[10] The name 'Themidaceae' was first used by Richard Salisbury in 1866.[11] The name was based on the now-defunct genus Themis, which was established by Salisbury along with the family. The only species ever assigned to Themis was Themis ixioides. Its name was changed to Brodiaea ixioides by Sereno Watson in 1879,[12] then to Triteleia ixioides by Edward Lee Greene in 1886.[13] It is known as Triteleia ixioides in Flora of North America.[citation needed
]
When the
sensu lato should be divided into smaller segregate families. When the APG III system was published in 2009, Themidaceae was not accepted. In an accompanying article, it was treated as Brodiaeoideae, one of 7 subfamilies in Asparagaceae.[1]
Genera
According to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website as of May 2011[update], the genera included in the subfamily are:
- Androstephium Torr.
- Bessera Schult.f. (including Behria)
- Bloomeria Kellogg
- Brodiaea Sm.
- Dandya H.E.Moore
- Dichelostemma Kunth (including Brevoortia, Dipterostemon, Stropholirion)
- Milla Cav. (including Diphalangium)
- Muilla S.Watson ex Benth.
- Petronymphe H.E.Moore
- Triteleia Douglas ex Lindl. (including Hesperoscordium, Themis)
- Triteleiopsis Hoover
- Xochiquetzallia J.Gut
References
- ^
- ^ Ole Seberg. 2007. "Themidaceae" page 404. In: Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. Flowering Plant Families of the World. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada.
- ^ J. Chris Pires, Ivan J. Maureira, Thomas J. Givnish, Kenneth J. Sytsma, Ole Seberg, Gitte Petersen, Jerrold I. Davis, Dennis W. Stevenson, Paula J. Rudall, Michael F. Fay, and Mark W. Chase. 2006. "Phylogeny, genome size, and chromosome evolution of Asparagales". Aliso 22(Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution):287-304. ISSN 0065-6275.
- ^ ISBN 978-3-540-64060-8
- JSTOR 4117686.
- ISBN 978-0-19-515208-1. see External links below.
- ISBN 978-0-333-47494-5(set).
- ISBN 978-1-4020-9608-2.
- ISBN 978-0-387-13655-4.
- ^ Michael F. Fay and Mark W. Chase. 1996. "Resurrection of Themidaceae for the Brodiaea alliance, and recircumscription of Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, and Agapanthoideae". Taxon 45(3):441-451. (see External links below).
- ^ Richard Salisbury. 1866. The Genera of Plants. A Fragment Containing Part of Liriogamae:84. John van Voorst: Paternoster Row, London, England. (see External links below).
- ^ Sereno Watson. 1879. "Revision of the North American Liliaceae". In: Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 14:238. (see External links below).
- ^ Edward Lee Greene. 1886. "Some Genera Which have been Confused Under the Name Brodiaea". In: Bulletin of the California Academy of Sciences 2(6):142. (see External links below).
Bibliography
- Pires, J. C.; Sytsma, K. J. (1 August 2002). "A phylogenetic evaluation of a biosystematic framework: Brodiaea and related petaloid monocots (Themidaceae)". PMID 21665737.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brodiaeoideae.