CDMA2000

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the mobile phone technology. For the channel access method, see Code-division multiple access.

wireless modem

CDMA2000 (also known as C2K or IMT Multi‑Carrier (IMT‑MC)) is a family of

3GPP2 as a backwards-compatible successor to second-generation cdmaOne
(IS-95) set of standards and used especially in North America and South Korea.

CDMA2000 compares to UMTS, a competing set of 3G standards, which is developed by 3GPP and used in Europe, Japan, China, and Singapore.

The name CDMA2000 denotes a family of standards that represent the successive, evolutionary stages of the underlying technology. These are:

  • Voice: CDMA2000 1xRTT, 1X Advanced
  • Data: CDMA2000 1xEV-DO (
    Ultra Mobile Broadband
    (UMB)

All are approved radio interfaces for the ITU's IMT-2000. In the United States, CDMA2000 is a registered trademark of the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA-USA).[2]

1X

Part of a series on the
Wireless network technologies
Analog
Digital
Mobile telecommunications

CDMA2000 1X (IS-2000), also known as 1x and 1xRTT, is the core CDMA2000 wireless air interface standard. The designation "1x", meaning 1 times radio transmission technology, indicates the same

kbit/s with real world data transmission averaging 80–100 kbit/s in most commercial applications.[3] IMT-2000 also made changes to the data link layer for greater use of data services, including medium and link access control protocols and quality of service (QoS). The IS-95 data link layer only provided best-effort delivery
for data and circuit switched channel for voice (i.e., a voice frame once every 20 ms).

1xEV-DO

Main article: Evolution-Data Optimized
BlackBerry smartphone displaying '1XEV' as the service status in the upper right corner.

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO (Evolution-Data Optimized), often abbreviated as EV-DO or EV, is a

broadband Internet access. It uses multiplexing techniques including code-division multiple access (CDMA) as well as time-division multiple access to maximize both individual user's throughput and the overall system throughput. It is standardized (IS-856) by 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) as part of the CDMA2000 family of standards and has been adopted by many mobile phone
service providers around the world – particularly those previously employing CDMA networks.

1X Advanced

1X Advanced (Rev.E)[4][5] is the evolution of CDMA2000 1X. It provides up to four times the capacity and 70% more coverage compared to 1X.[6]

Networks

See also: List of CDMA2000 networks

The CDMA Development Group states that, as of April 2014, there are 314 operators in 118 countries offering CDMA2000 1X and/or 1xEV-DO service.[7][needs update]

History

CDMA2000 technology was developed by Qualcomm in the late 1990s as an enhancement to the CDMA standard.

The intended

UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband); however, in November 2008, Qualcomm announced it was ending development of the technology, favoring LTE instead.[8]

Patent licensing

In 2007, Qualcomm provided a global patent license for CDMA2000 to the Chinese company Teleepoch.[9]

References

  1. ^ "What really is a Third Generation (3G) Mobile Technology" (PDF). International Telecommunication Union. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2012.
  2. ^ CDMA2000 trademark application Archived January 13, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, uspto.gov, November 17, 2009
  3. ^ "CDG : Technology : CDMA2000 1X". CDMA Development Group. Archived from the original on August 2, 2010. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  4. ^ "Evolution of CDMA Roadmap—Voice Perspective" (PDF). Alcatel-Lucent. May 13, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 5, 2016. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
  5. 3GPP2. July 2011. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on July 5, 2016. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
  6. ^ "1X Advanced". Qualcomm. Archived from the original on July 12, 2014. Retrieved September 18, 2013.
  7. ^ "CDG : CDMA Statistics". CDMA Development Group. Archived from the original on September 27, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
  8. ^ "Qualcomm halts UMB project, sees no major job cuts". Reuters. November 13, 2008. Archived from the original on April 14, 2009.
  9. ^ "Qualcomm gives patent license for CDMA2000 units to Chinese firm". Reuters. September 27, 2007. Archived from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
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