LTE Advanced
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LTE Advanced (LTE+, or LTE-A)
The LTE+ format was first proposed by
The work by
- Continual improvement to the LTE radio technology and architecture
- Scenarios and performance requirements for working with legacy radio technologies
- Backward compatibility of LTE-Advanced with LTE. An LTE terminal should be able to work in an LTE-Advanced network and vice versa. Any exceptions will be considered by 3GPP.
- Consideration of recent World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-07) decisions regarding frequency bands to ensure that LTE-Advanced accommodates the geographically available spectrum for channels above 20 MHz. Also, specifications must recognize those parts of the world in which wideband channels are not available.
Likewise, '
The mobile communication industry and standards organizations have therefore started work on 4G access technologies, such as LTE Advanced.[
Three technologies from the LTE-Advanced tool-kit –
Proposals
The target of 3GPP LTE Advanced is to reach and surpass the ITU requirements. LTE Advanced should be compatible with first release LTE equipment, and should share frequency bands with first release LTE. In the feasibility study for LTE Advanced, 3GPP determined that LTE Advanced would meet the ITU-R requirements for 4G. The results of the study are published in 3GPP Technical Report (TR) 36.912.[8]
One of the important LTE Advanced benefits is the ability to take advantage of advanced topology networks; optimized heterogeneous networks with a mix of macrocells with low power nodes such as picocells, femtocells and new relay nodes. The next significant performance leap in wireless networks will come from making the most of topology, and brings the network closer to the user by adding many of these low power nodes – LTE Advanced further improves the capacity and coverage, and ensures user fairness. LTE Advanced also introduces multicarrier to be able to use ultra wide bandwidth, up to 100 MHz of spectrum supporting very high data rates.
In the research phase many proposals have been studied as candidates for LTE Advanced (LTE-A) technologies. The proposals could roughly be categorized into:[9]
- Support for relay node base stations
- Coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission and reception
- UE Dual TX antenna solutions for SU-MIMO and diversity MIMO, commonly referred to as 2x2 MIMO
- Scalable system bandwidth exceeding 20 MHz, up to 100 MHz
- Carrier aggregation of contiguous and non-contiguous spectrum allocations
- Local area optimization of air interface
- Nomadic / Local Area network and mobility solutions
- Flexible spectrum usage
- Cognitive radio
- Automatic and autonomous network configuration and operation
- Support of autonomous network and device test, measurement tied to network management and optimization
- Enhanced forward error correction
- Interference management and suppression
- Asymmetric bandwidth assignment for FDD
- Hybrid SC-FDMAin uplink
- UL/DL inter eNB coordinated MIMO
- SONs, Self Organizing Networks methodologies
Within the range of system development, LTE-Advanced and WiMAX 2 can use up to 8x8
The 3GPP standards Release 12 added support for 256-QAM.
A summary of a study carried out in 3GPP can be found in TR36.912.[10]
Timeframe and introduction of additional features
Original standardization work for LTE-Advanced was done as part of 3GPP Release 10, which was frozen in April 2011. Trials were based on pre-release equipment. Major vendors support software upgrades to later versions and ongoing improvements.
In order to improve the quality of service for users in hotspots and on cell edges,
The higher number of cells in HetNet results in user equipment changing the serving cell more frequently when in motion. The ongoing work on LTE-Advanced[12] in Release 12, amongst other areas, concentrates on addressing issues that come about when users move through HetNet, such as frequent hand-overs between cells. It also included use of 256-QAM.
First technology demonstrations and field trials
This list covers technology demonstrations and field trials up to the year 2014, paving the way for a wider commercial deployment of the VoLTE technology worldwide. From 2014 onwards various further operators trialled and demonstrated the technology for future deployment on their respective networks. These are not covered here. Instead a coverage of commercial deployments can be found in the section below.
Company | Country | Date | Note |
---|---|---|---|
NTT DoCoMo
|
Japan | February 2007 | packet transmission rate of approximately 5 Gbit/s in the downlink using 12 transmit and 12 receive antennas and 100 MHz frequency bandwidth to a mobile station moving at 10 km/h.
|
Agilent Technologies | Spain | February 2011 | [14] The vendor demonstrated at Mobile World Congress the industry's first test solutions for LTE-Advanced with both signal generation and signal analysis solutions. |
Ericsson | Sweden | June 2011 | [15] The vendor demonstrated LTE-Advanced in Kista. |
touch
|
Lebanon | April 2013 | [16] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced with Chinese vendor Huawei and combined 800 MHz spectrum and 1.8 GHz spectrum. touch achieved 250 Mbit/s. |
Vodafone
|
New Zealand | May 2013 | Nokia Networks and combined 1.8 GHz spectrum and 700 MHz spectrum. Vodafone achieved just below 300 Mbit/s.
|
A1
|
Austria | June 2013 | NSN using 4x4 MIMO. A1 achieved 580 Mbit/s.
|
Turkcell | Turkey | August 2013 | [19] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced in Istanbul with Chinese vendor Huawei. Turkcell achieved 900 Mbit/s. |
Telstra | Australia | August 2013 | [20] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced with Swedish vendor Ericsson and combined 900 MHz spectrum and 1.8 GHz spectrum. |
SMART | Philippines | August 2013 | [21] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced with Chinese vendor Huawei and combined 2.1 GHz spectrum and 1.80 GHz spectrum bands and achieved 200 Mbit/s. |
SoftBank
|
Japan | September 2013 | [22] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced in Tokyo with Chinese vendor Huawei. Softbank used the 3.5 GHz spectrum band and achieved 770 Mbit/s. |
MTS
|
Belarus | October 2013 | [23] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced with Chinese vendor Huawei. |
SFR | France | October 2013 | [24] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced in Marseille and combined 800 MHz spectrum and 2.6 GHz spectrum. SFR achieved 174 Mbit/s. |
EE | United Kingdom | November 2013 | [25] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced in London with Chinese vendor Huawei and combined 20 MHz of 1.8 GHz spectrum and 20 MHz of 2.6 GHz spectrum. EE achieved 300 Mbit/s which is equal to category 6 LTE. |
O2 | Germany | November 2013 | [26] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced in Munich with Chinese vendor Huawei and combined 10 MHz of 800 MHz spectrum and 20 MHz of 2.6 GHz spectrum. O2 achieved 225 Mbit/s. |
SK Telecom | South Korea | November 2013 | [27] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced and combined 10 MHz of 850 MHz spectrum and 20 MHz of 1.8 GHz spectrum. SK Telecom achieved 225 Mbit/s. |
Vodafone | Germany | November 2013 | [28] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced in Dresden with Swedish vendor Ericsson and combined 10 MHz of 800 MHz spectrum and 20 MHz of 2.6 GHz spectrum. Vodafone achieved 225 Mbit/s. |
Telstra | Australia | December 2013 | [29] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced with Swedish vendor Ericsson and combined 20 MHz of 1.8 GHz spectrum and 20 MHz of 2.6 GHz spectrum. Telstra achieved 300 Mbit/s which is equal to category 6 LTE. |
Optus | Australia | December 2013 | TD-LTE -Advanced with Chinese vendor Huawei and combined two 20 MHz channels of 2.3 GHz spectrum. Optus achieved over 160 Mbit/s.
|
Entel Chile
|
Chile | September 2015 | [31] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced in Rancagua using 15 MHz of 700 MHz and 20 MHz of 2600 MHz spectrum, achieving over 200 Mbit/s. |
Claro Brasil | Brazil | December 2015 | [32] The Claro Brasil presented in Rio Verde the first tests with 4.5G technology, LTE Advanced, which offers an internet speed of up to 300 Mbit/s. |
AIS | Thailand | March 2016 | . |
MagtiCom | Georgia | May 2016 | [35] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced in Tbilisi and combined the 800 MHz with its existing 1800 MHz spectrum. MagtiCom achieved download speed 185 Mbit/s and upload speed 75 Mbit/s. |
Ucom | Armenia | September 2016 | [36] The operator trialed LTE-Advanced with Swedish vendor Ericsson. Ucom achieved 250 Mbit/s download speed which is equal to category 6 LTE. |
Altel | Kazakhstan | April 2017 | [37] The operator launched LTE-Advanced in 12 cities across Kazakhstan. Altel achieved 225 Mbit/s download speed. LTE-Advanced (4G+) Technology is up to be launched in 5 more cities in Kazakhstan in May 2017. |
Bite Latvija | Latvia | September 2016 | [38] The operator launched 8 4.5G cell stations in Riga after testing in partnership with Huawei and the Riga Technical University on June 15, 2017. |
Wi-Tribe
|
Pakistan | May 2017 | [39] The operator first tested their LTE-A network in May 2017 over the 3.5 GHz band, and it was then made officially available in Lahore, Pakistan, with more cities to follow. Wi-Tribe achieved speeds of up to 200 Mbit/s over their new LTE-A network. This was done using equipment from Huawei. |
Telcel | Mexico | March 2018 | [40] The operator offered the service in Mexico City and other 10 cities nationwide on March 14, 2018. |
Airtel
|
India | April 2012 | On 10 April 2012, Airtel launched 4G services through dongles and modems using TD-LTE technology in Kolkata, becoming the first company in India to offer 4G services. The Kolkata launch was followed by launches in Bangalore (7 May 2012), Pune (18 October 2012), and Chandigarh, Mohali and Panchkula (25 March 2013). |
Deployment
The deployment of LTE-Advanced is in progress in various LTE networks.
In August 2019, the
LTE Advanced Pro
LTE Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro, also known as 4.5G, 4.5G Pro, 4.9G, Pre-5G, 5G Project)
Additionally, it incorporates several new technologies associated with
See also
- E-UTRA
- LTE User Equipment Category
- Simulation of LTE Networks
Bibliography
LTE for UMTS - OFDMA and SC-FDMA Based Radio Access,
, pp. 19–21.- e,:-(editor), LTE and the Evolution to 4G Wireless: Design and Measurement Challenges, Agilent Technologies Publication 2009, , p. 425.
- , et al.; Nokia Siemens Networks; LTE Advanced: The Path towards Gigabit/s in Wireless Mobile Communications[permanent dead link], Wireless VITAE'09.
- Mobile Terminal Receiver Design: LTE and LTE-Advanced , ISBN 9781119107309.
References
- ^ "4G LTE Advanced - What you need to know about LTE-A". www.4g.co.uk.
- ^ Stefan Parkvall, Erik Dahlman, Anders Furuskär et al.; Ericsson, Robert Syputa, Maravedis; ITU global standard for international mobile telecommunications ´IMT-Advanced´LTE Advanced - Evolving LTE towards IMT-Advanced[permanent dead link]; Vehicular Technology Conference, 2014. VTC 2014-Fall. IEEE 68th 21–24 Sept. 2014 Page(s):1 - 5.
- ^ "The Asahi Shimbun | Breaking News, Japan News and Analysis". The Asahi Shimbun.
- ^ "Requirements for further advancements for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) (LTE-Advanced)"
- ^ "Beyond 3G: "LTE Advanced" Workshop, Shenzhen, China". Archived from the original on 2008-09-13. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
- ^ 3GPP specification: Requirements for further advancements for E-UTRA (LTE Advanced)
- ^ GSA: Gigabit LTE Networks: Analysis of Deployments Worldwide (February 2019)
- ^ Agilent "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-03-03. Retrieved 2011-07-28.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), Introducing LTE-Advanced, p. 6 , March 8, 2011, accessed July 28, 2011. - ^ Nomor Research: White Paper on LTE Advanced
- ^ 3GPP Technical Report: Feasibility study for Further Advancements for E-UTRA (LTE Advanced)
- ^ KG, Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. "LTE- Advanced (3GPP Rel.11) Technology Introduction". www.rohde-schwarz.com.
- ^ "3GPP News & Events, Dec.12th, 2012 and Apr.8th, 2013 entries". Archived from the original on 2013-07-17. Retrieved 2013-07-17.
- ^ "NTT DoCoMo Achieves World's First 5 Gbit/s Packet Transmission in 4G Field Experiment". NTT DoCoMo. Archived from the original on 2008-09-25. Retrieved 2008-09-12.
- ^ "Agilent Technologies Introduces Industry's First LTE-Advanced Signal Generation, Analysis Solutions". Agilent. Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2011-04-11.
- ^ "Ericsson demonstrates LTE Advanced in Sweden". Telecompaper. 2011-06-28. Retrieved 2014-08-13.
- ^ "Touch, Huawei trial 250Mbps LTE FDD 800MHz/1800MHz carrier aggregation". TeleGeography. 2013-04-08. Retrieved 2014-08-24.
- ^ "Vodafone shows off next-gen mobile broadband". NZ Herald. 2013-05-24.
- ^ "A1 TELEKOM AUSTRIA DEMOS 580MBPS LTE-A SPEEDS WITH ERICSSON, NSN HARDWARE". Mobile Europe. 2013-06-06. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
- ^ "Turkish delight? Turkcell unveils 900Mbps transmission speeds in LTE-A trial". TeleGeography. 2013-08-02. Retrieved 2014-11-14.
- ^ "World's first commercial LTE-Advanced call on 1800MHz and 900MHz". Ericsson. 2013-08-12. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
- ^ J.M. Tuazon (21 August 2013). "200MBPS IN DAVAO - Smart tests LTE-Advanced system down south". Interaksyon. Archived from the original on 21 August 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
- ^ "Softbank's trial LTE-A in 3.5GHz band achieves 770Mbps". TeleGeography. 2013-09-13. Retrieved 2014-08-13.
- ^ "beCloud to test LTE-A". TeleGeography. 2013-10-10. Retrieved 2014-08-13.
- ^ "SFR completes 'first' LTE Advanced trials in France". FierceWirelessEurope. 2013-10-18. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
- ^ "EE launches 'world's fastest' LTE-A network in London". Telecoms.com. 2013-11-05. Retrieved 2013-12-27.
- ^ "Now available at Telefónica: The fastest LTE radio cell in Germany and mobile VoLTE in live network". Telefónica. 2013-11-14. Archived from the original on 2017-10-03. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
- ^ "[넓고 빠른 광대역 LTE-A] #1. 3배 빠른 광대역 LTE-A 시대가 열린다!" (in Korean). SK Telecom. 2013-11-28. Archived from the original on 2014-05-17. Retrieved 2014-05-16.
- ^ "Vodafone zeigt in Dresden das schnellste Mobilfunknetz der Republik" (in German). Vodafone. 2013-11-15. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
- ^ "Telstra hits 300 Mbps in LTE-A trial". Computerworld. 2013-12-06. Archived from the original on 2019-02-11. Retrieved 2014-03-24.
- ^ "Optus tests TD-LTE carrier aggregation in Melbourne". iTnews. 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2014-03-29.
- ^ "Entel Chile carries out first LTE-A trial". BNAmericas. 2015-09-22. Retrieved 2018-04-10.
- ^ "Claro faz primeiro teste externo com LTE Advanced na faixa de 700 MHz". Telesintese. 2015-12-15. Retrieved 2016-03-29.
- ^ "AIS launches the world's first 4.5G network in Thailand". 2016-03-24. Retrieved 2017-12-26.
- ^ "Take tour on the new AIS Next-G ready network" (in Thai). Retrieved 2017-12-27.
- ^ "MagtiCom launches LTE-Advanced network in Georgia". www.ucom.am. Retrieved 2016-06-06.
- ^ "Ucom Deployed Ericsson's Latest 4G+ Technology for the First Time in Armenia". www.ucom.am. Retrieved 2017-02-06.
- ^ "Altel: LTE-Advanced (4G+) Technology for the First Time in Kazakhstan". dknews.kz. Archived from the original on 2017-04-05. Retrieved 2017-04-04.
- ^ "By sounding off the Baltic Drummers' Summit, Bite unveils the first 4.5G network in Latvia with power" (in Latvian). Retrieved 2017-09-18.
- ^ "Wi-tribe Becomes Pakistan's First Operator to Cross 200Mbps Internet Speeds". 2017-08-28. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
- ^ "Llega a México la GigaRed 4.5G de Telcel". Grupo Milenio. March 14, 2018.
- ^ GSA: LTE-Advanced Status Worldwide – August 2019
- ^ "The path to 5G: New services with 4.5G, 4.5G Pro and 4.9G". Nokia. 2016. Archived from the original on 2017-01-13. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
- ^ "Nokia's 4.9G races Ericsson's almost-5G, yet the finishing line is a mirage". The Register. 7 September 2016.
- ^ "SoftBank 5G | スマートフォン・携帯電話". ソフトバンク.
- ^ "War of the 'Gs' - Nokia promises 4.5G Pro and 4.9G". 5 September 2016. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
- ^ Flynn, Kevin. "LTE-Advanced Pro Ready to Go".
- ^ "What is LTE-Advanced Pro?". 5g.co.uk.
- ^ "4.5G, Next Step Toward MBB 2020". www.huawei.com.
- ^ "Leading the path towards 5G with LTE Advanced Pro - Qualcomm". 19 January 2016. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
- ^ "LTE Advanced Pro - Qualcomm". 6 January 2016.
- ^ "LTE Advanced Pro enables Gigabit LTE on path to 5G". 11 October 2016.
External links
- LTE Advanced page on Qualcomm site
- 3GPP Official 3GPP Standardisation Page on LTE Advanced
- Future use of LTE A femtocells Archived 2012-08-19 at the Wayback Machine
- LTE-3GPP online decoders – 3GPP LTE / LTE Advanced online L3 messages decoders (24.008, 44.018, 44.060, etc.) supporting Release 14
Resources (white papers, technical papers, application notes)
- LTE-Advanced Technology Introduction – white paper summarizing improvements on LTE known as LTE-Advanced Release 10
- Introducing LTE-Advanced – Application Note
- Introduction to LTE-Advanced Rel.11 Archived 2018-04-17 at the Wayback Machine – summarization of improvements specified in LTE-Advanced Release 11