Calanthe

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Christmas orchids
Botanical Gardens Berlin - Orchid Exhibition
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Collabieae
Genus: Calanthe
R.Br.[1]
Diversity
About 300 species
Synonyms[1]
List
    • Alismorchis Thouars
    • Alismorkis Thouars
    • Amblyglottis Blume
    • Aulostylis Schltr.
    • Calanthidium Pfitzer
    • Centrosia
      A.Rich.
    • Centrosis
      Sw.
      ex Thouars
    • Cephalantheropsis Guillaumin
    • Cyanorkis Thouars
    • Gastorkis Thouars
    • Gastrorchis
      Schltr.
    • Ghiesbreghtia A.Rich. & Galeotti
    • Hecabe
      Raf.
    • Limatodis Blume
    • Pachyne
      Salisb.
    • Paracalanthe Kudô
    • Paraphaius J.W.Zhai & F.W.Xing
    • Pesomeria
      Lindl.
    • Phaius
      Lour.
    • Phajus
      Hassk.
    • Preptanthe
      Rchb.f.
    • Styloglossum
      Breda
    • Tankervillia Link
    • Zeduba
      Meisn.
    • Zoduba
      D.Don

Calanthe, commonly known as Christmas orchids,[2] is a genus of about 220 species of orchids in the family Orchidaceae. They are evergreen or deciduous terrestrial plants with thick roots, small oval pseudobulbs, large corrugated leaves and upright, sometimes arching flowering stems. The sepals and petals are narrow and a similar size to each other and the labellum usually has spreading lobes.

Description

Orchids in the genus Calanthe are terrestrial with small, crowded pseudobulbs with thick roots and a few corrugated or wrinkled leaves with the base tapering to a petiole-like stalk. Some species are evergreen while others are deciduous. The flowers are delicate but showy, white, pink, yellow or orange and crowded near the end of an erect, sometimes arching flowering stem. The sepals and petals are relatively narrow, similar in size and spread widely. The labellum has three or four spreading lobes and in most species there is a spur at the base. Unlike similar orchids, the labellum of Calanthe orchids is fused to the column.[2][3][4][5][6][7]

Taxonomy and naming

The genus Calanthe was first formally described in 1821 by Robert Brown and his manuscript was published in The Botanical Register.[8][9] The name Calanthe is derived from the Ancient Greek words kallos meaning "beauty"[10]: 131  and anthos meaning "flower".[10]: 94 

Distribution and habitat

Calanthe species are found in all

subtropical lands such as China, India, Madagascar, Australia, Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and various islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.[8]

List of species

The following is a list of species of Calanthe recognised by the Plants of the World Online as at August 2018:[11]

Gallery

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Calanthe.
  1. ^ a b "Calanthe". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  2. ^
    ISBN 1877069124
    .
  3. ISBN 9780881928761
    .
  4. ISBN 978-0-8048-3716-3
    .
  5. ISBN 9812610154
    .
  6. ^ D.L.Jones; T.Hopley; S.M.Duffy (2010). "Calanthe". Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids. Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  7. ^ Chen, Xinqi; Cribb, Phillip J.; Gale, Stephan W. "Calanthe". Flora of China. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
  8. ^ a b "Calanthe". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  9. ^ Ridgway, James (1821). The Botanical Register (Volume 7). London: Ridgways. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
  10. ^ a b Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  11. ^ "Calanthe". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
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