Camarilla
A camarilla is a group of
A similar concept in modern politics is that of a Kitchen Cabinet, which is often composed of unelected advisers bypassing traditional governance practices.
Examples
Germany
In particular, two groups are called camarillas: those who surrounded the Emperor
The camarilla of President Paul von Hindenburg
- Oskar von Hindenburg, the son of the President[1]
- Otto Meissner,[1] secretary of state, chief of the presidential office
- General Kurt von Schleicher,[1] head of the military office in the Defence Ministry, later Chancellor
- Franz von Papen, Chancellor
Romania
The camarilla of Queen Marie
- Barbu Ştirbey, prince and lover of the queen [2]
The camarilla of King Carol II
- Puiu Dumitrescu, private secretary of King Carol II (earlier period) [3]
- Barbu Ionescu, businessman [3]
- Hugo Bacher [3]
- Nae Ionescu, philosopher and journalist (1930-1933)[4]
- Gavrilă Marinescu, Bucharest police prefect[3]
- Ernest Urdăreanu, secretary of King Carol II (later period)[2]
- Max Auschnitt, industrialist [2]
- Nicolae Malaxa, industrialist [2][5]
- Aristide Blank, industrialist
- Mihai Moruzov, head of the Romanian Secret Intelligence Service [2]
Russia
In the 19th century, Russia's government was frequently described as a "camarilla", starting as early as 1860.[6] This usage remained common into the 20th century; for instance, in 1917, commentator Robert Machray wrote of "certain forces in the background of the political life of Russia known as the 'Camarilla', which exercised and still exercise an extraordinary influence".[7]
Spain
The right-wing domestic circle with which Francisco Franco surrounded himself with in his final years at the Royal Palace of El Pardo, his official residence, has been referred to as a "camarilla" by multiple authors.[8][9][10]
The "El Pardo" camarilla of Francisco Franco
- Cristóbal Martínez-Bordiú, son-in-law of Franco[8][9]
- Vicente Gil García, personal physician to Franco[9]
- José Ramón Gavilán, head of Franco's personal military staff[9]
- Antonio Urcelay Rodríguez, naval aide to Franco[9]
- Felipe Polo Martínez-Valdés, brother-in-law and personal lawyer of Franco[9]
Other
- "Camarilla" is also the name of a "sect" (faction) in the role-playing game Vampire: The Masquerade.
- The Camarilla is a multi-planetary, multi-species secret organization intent on keeping Earth isolated from the rest of the galaxy in Brian Daley's "Fitzhugh & Floyt" trilogy.
- The Camarilla is a multi-planetary, multi-species secret organization with varied and often obscure motives in Lisanne Norman's Sholan Alliance.
- The Camarilla is an ancient, secret organization of witch hunters in the American TV show Motherland: Fort Salem.
See also
- Privy Council
- Cabal
- Courtier
- Royal court
- Cabal Ministry
- Cliveden set
- Éminence grise
- Power behind the throne
- The School of Night
- Makhzen
- Imperial Preceptor
References
- ^ a b c d Gunther, John (1940). Inside Europe. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. 33–34.
- ^ a b c d e f R. G. Waldeck, Athene Palace, New York: Robert M. McBride and Company, 1942.
- ^ ISBN 978-3-486-56329-0.
- ^ (in Romanian) Zigu Ornea, "Dezvăluirile lui Constantin Beldie" Archived 2014-03-10 at the Wayback Machine, România literară, 46/2000
- ^ Petre Pandrea, Cronică valahă cu inginerul Malaxa ("Wallachian Chronicle with Engineer Malaxa"), in Magazin Istoric, May 2002.
- ^ "Prince Dolgoroukov on Russia and Self-Emancipation." Edinburgh Review, July, 1860. p. 90
- ^ Machray, Robert. "The Political Situation in Russia." The Nineteenth Century and After, volume 81, March 1917. pp. 601-602
- ^ ISBN 0-465-02515-3.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-299-30213-9.
- ^ Somalo, Javier (26 October 2019). "Franco y el paréntesis de la Democracia" [Franco and the Parenthesis of Democracy]. Libertad Digital (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 July 2020.
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