List of Spanish monarchs
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (April 2010) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Monarchs of the Iberian Peninsula |
---|
This is a list of monarchs of Spain, a dominion started with the dynastic union of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain— Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.
The
Forerunners
The following seven lineages were eventually united by the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella.
- Kings of the Visigoths
- Kings of Asturias
- Kings of Navarre
- Kings of León
- Kings of Galicia
- Kings of Aragon
- Kings of Castile
Although Aragon and Castile continued to be separate, they were ruled together until the Nueva Planta decrees.
House of Trastámara (1479–1516)
Under Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, their royal dynasties were united into a single line. Historiography of Spain generally treats this as the formation of the Kingdom of Spain, but in formality, the two kingdoms continued with their own separate institutions for more than two centuries. It was not until the Nueva Planta decrees of 1707–1716 that the two lands were formally merged into a single state.
Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Isabella I
| 22 April 1451 – 26 November 1504 (aged 53) | 11 December 1474 Castile | 26 November 1504 Castile | Daughter of John II of Castile and Isabella of Portugal | Trastámara | |
Ferdinand V & II
| 10 March 1452 – 23 January 1516 (aged 63) | 15 January 1475 Castile 20 January 1479 Aragon | 26 November 1504 Castile 23 January 1516 Aragon | Son of John II of Aragon and Juana Enríquez | Trastámara | |
Joanna
| 6 November 1479 – 12 April 1555 (aged 75) | 26 November 1504 Castile 23 January 1516 Aragon | 12 April 1555 | Daughter of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon | Trastámara | |
Philip I
| 22 July 1478 – 25 September 1506 (aged 28) | 27 June 1506 Castile | 25 September 1506 Castile | Husband of Joanna of Castile | Habsburg |
Joanna was confined from 1509 till her death for alleged insanity.
House of Habsburg (1516–1700)
Following the deaths of Isabella (1504) and Ferdinand (1516), their daughter Joanna inherited the Spanish kingdoms. However, she was kept prisoner at Tordesillas due to an alleged mental disorder. As Joanna's son,
Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Charles I | Habsburg | |||||
Philip III
| 14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621 (aged 42) | 13 September 1598 | 31 March 1621 (22 years, 6 months and 18 days) | Son of Philip II | Habsburg | |
Philip IV
| 8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665 (aged 60) | 31 March 1621 | 17 September 1665 (44 years, 5 months and 17 days) | Son of Philip III | Habsburg | |
Charles II
| 6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700 (aged 38) | 17 September 1665 | 1 November 1700 (35 years, 1 month and 15 days) | Son of Philip IV | Habsburg |
In the year 1700, Charles II died. His will named the 16-year-old Philip, Duke of Anjou, the grandson of Charles's sister Maria Theresa of Spain, as his successor to the whole Spanish Empire.[1] Upon any possible refusal of the undivided Spanish possessions, the Crown of Spain would be offered next to Philip's younger brother Charles, Duke of Berry, or, next, to Archduke Charles of Austria.[2]
Both claimants, both Charles of Austria and Philip, had a legal right to the Spanish throne because Philip's grandfather, King
After a long council meeting where the Dauphin spoke up in favour of his son's rights, it was agreed that Philip would ascend the throne.[4] Following this, the War of the Spanish Succession broke out and Archduke Charles was also proclaimed king of Spain, as Charles III, in opposition to Philip V. He was proclaimed in Vienna,[5] and also in Madrid in the years 1706 and 1710. Charles renounced his claims to the Spanish throne in the Treaty of Rastatt of 1714, but was allowed the continued use of the styles of a Spanish monarch for his lifetime. Philip ascended the Spanish throne but had to renounce his claim to the throne of France for himself and his descendants.[6]
Disputed claimant of the House of Habsburg
Portrait | Coat of arms | Name | Life | Reign | Titles | Claim |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Archduke Charles of Austria, as Charles III Archiduque Carlos (Carlos III) |
1 October 1685 – 20 October 1740 (aged 55) | 12 September 1703 – 2 July 1715
(11 years, 9 months and 20 days) |
|
|
House of Bourbon (1700–1808)
Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ferdinand VII
| 14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833 (aged 48) | 19 March 1808 | 6 May 1808 (1 month 17 days) | Son of Charles IV | Bourbon |
House of Bonaparte (1808–1813)
The only monarch from this dynasty was
Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emperor Napoleon | Bonaparte |
House of Bourbon (1813–1868)
Charles IV's eldest son was restored to the throne. Again, the title used was king of Castile, Leon, Aragon,… by the Grace of God.
Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ferdinand VII
| 14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833 (aged 48) | 11 December 1813 | 29 September 1833 (19 years, 9 months and 18 days) | Son of Charles IV | Bourbon | |
Isabella II
| 10 October 1830 – 10 April 1904 (aged 73) | 29 September 1833 | 30 September 1868 (35 years and 1 day) | Daughter of Ferdinand VII | Bourbon |
House of Savoy (1870–1873)
After the
Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amadeo I
| 30 May 1845 – 18 January 1890 (aged 44) | 16 November 1870 | 11 February 1873 (2 years, 2 months and 26 days) | Elected by Cortes Generales Great-great-grandson of Charles III | Savoy |
Spanish Republic (1873–1874)
House of Bourbon (1874–1931)
Isabella II's eldest son was restored to the throne as she had abdicated in his favour in 1870. Constitutional King of Spain.
Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Posthumous son of Alfonso XII | Bourbon |
Spanish Republic (1931–1939)
Dictatorship of Francisco Franco (1939–1975)
On 1 October 1936, General
House of Bourbon (1975–present)
Alfonso XIII's claim descended (due to his two eldest sons' renunciations) to his third son, Juan of Bourbon, Count of Barcelona, who was passed over in favour of his eldest son, whose title is King of Spain. The Count of Barcelona formally renounced his claims in favour of his son in 1977, two years after Franco's death and Juan Carlos's accession.
Juan Carlos abdicated in favor of his son Felipe VI, who became king on 19 June 2014, with Felipe's older daughter, Leonor, next in succession.[7]
Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Juan Carlos I | 5 January 1938 | 22 November 1975 | 19 June 2014 (38 years, 6 months and 28 days) | Grandson of Alfonso XIII | Bourbon | |
Felipe VI | 30 January 1968 | 19 June 2014 | Incumbent | Son of Juan Carlos I | Bourbon |
Timeline of Spanish monarchs
See also
- Family tree of Spanish monarchs
- List of heads of state of Spain
- List of Spanish regents
- List of monarchs of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
- List of Spanish royal consorts
- Spanish monarchy
- Succession to the Spanish throne
- War of the Spanish Succession
Notes
References
- ISBN 0-300-08718-7P6
- ISBN 0-300-08718-7
- ^ Durant, Will. "The Age of Louis XIV", p.699. Simon and Schuster, New York 1963.
- ISBN 0-300-08718-7P158
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 905.
- ISBN 0-300-08718-7
- ^ "Leonor becomes a crown princess". El Pais.