Cannabigerol
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Cannabigerol (CBG) is one of more than 120 identified cannabinoid compounds found in the plant genus Cannabis.[1][2] Cannabigerol is the decarboxylated form of cannabigerolic acid, the parent molecule from which other cannabinoids are synthesized.[3][4]
Cannabigerol is normally a minor constituent of cannabis.[3][5] During plant growth, most of the cannabigerol is converted into other cannabinoids, primarily tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or cannabidiol (CBD), leaving about 1% cannabigerol in the plant.[6] Some strains, however, produce larger amounts of cannabigerol and cannabigerolic acid, while having low quantities of other cannabinoids, like THC and CBD.[7]
Although cannabigerol is sold as a dietary supplement, its effects and safety for human consumption are undefined.[3]
Biosynthesis
The
Research
As of 2021[update], no clinical research has been conducted to test the specific effects of cannabigerol in humans.[3] Cannabigerol is under laboratory research to determine its pharmacological properties and potential effects in disease conditions, with no conclusions about therapeutic effects or safety, as of 2021.[3][9][10]
Cannabigerol has affinity and activity at CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in vitro.[3][9] It appears to be unique among cannabinoid compounds by also having high affinity and activity at α2 adrenergic receptors and moderate activity at serotonin 5-HT1A receptors.[3][11]
Safety concerns
Although general effects of its use as a dietary supplement remain undefined, the activity of cannabigerol at α2 adrenergic receptors in vitro raises concerns about its safety for human consumption, possibly having unintended effects, such as bradycardia, arterial hypotension, and dry mouth.[3]
FDA warning letters for dietary supplements
As of 2022, the US
Legal status
Cannabigerol is not scheduled by the UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances.[citation needed] In the United States, cannabigerol derived from marijuana is illegal under the Controlled Substances Act, while cannabigerol derived from hemp is legal, as long as the hemp THC content is less than 0.3% of dry weight.[12][14]
In Switzerland, it is legal to produce hemp rich in cannabigerol as a tobacco substitute, as long as its THC content remains below 1.0%.[15]
See also
References
- PMID 28120229.
- PMID 28120231.
- ^ S2CID 226296897.
- ^ "Cannabigerol; ID 5315659". PubChem, National Library of Medicine, US National Institutes of Health. 2 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
- ^ PMID 28701957.
- PMID 26836472.
- S2CID 231543630.
- PMID 22802619.
- ^ PMID 28120232.
- PMID 29562280.
- PMID 20002104.
- ^ a b "FDA Regulation of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products, Including Cannabidiol (CBD)". US Food and Drug Administration. 21 January 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
- ^ Ashley D (28 March 2022). "Warning Letter to Greenway Herbal Products LLC; Ref. 627042". Office of Compliance, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
- ^ "USC > Title 21 > Chapter 13 > Subchapter I > Part A > § 802. Definitions: (16)" (PDF). Government Publishing Office - US Code. 2016.
- ^ BAG, Bundesamt für Gesundheit. "Häufig gestellte Fragen (FAQ) zu Tabakersatzprodukten mit THC-armem Hanf mit CBD". www.bag.admin.ch (in German). Retrieved 2022-07-06.