Carl Enckell
Carl Johan Alexis Enckell | |
---|---|
Dresden University of Technology | |
Board member of | see → board memberships |
Children |
|
Awards | see Izmaylovsky Regiment[1] |
Manager of Kone- ja Siltarakennus | |
In office 1911–1917 | |
Preceded by | Karl Söderman |
Succeeded by | Julius Stjernvall[1] |
Minister of Foreign Affairs Ingman I Cabinet (27 Nov 1918 – 17 April 1919) | |
Carl Johan Alexis Enckell (7 June 1876 – 26 March 1959) was a Finnish politician, diplomat, officer and businessman.
Enckell followed his father's footsteps in the
In 1917, shortly before the
Enckell moved back to work in the
Enckell was married to German-born Lucy Ponsonby-Lyons. They had four children, of whom Ralph Enckell became a notable diplomat.
Early years and military studies
Carl Enckell was born and spent his first seven years in
Engineering studies and business career
Salaries in the military had stayed behind the business and industry, and in 1899 Enckell begun engineering studies in
During 1903–1905 Enckell worked in the Kuusankoski paper mill as supervisor and chief engineer. In 1905 he moved to Helsinki and started working for the Hietalahti Shipyard and Engineering Works, where he stayed until he got a deputy director position in Kone- ja Siltarakennus in 1907. In 1911 he was appointed managing director of the company.[1]
Enckell aimed to keep production in balance in the turbulent market, as the Finnish engineering industry faced both up- and downswings. Enckell could gather beneficial orders for military supplies during the
Employers' organisations
During the 1910s Enckell operated in
Beginning of political career
Enckell became involved in local politics during 1911–1914 in
Enckell was one of the few Finnish politicians who had experience in foreign relations; during the first years of independence he was Minister of Foreign affairs in
Enckell returned as Foreign Minister in two short-living cabinets led by Aimo Cajander in 1922 and 1924.[1]
Career in financial sector
Enckell left politics for banking in 1927, when he became deputy director of Liittopankki. After a merger with Helsingin Osakepankki (HOP) in 1931, he became a board member in HOP. In 1936 Enckell became the managing director of Industrialists' Mutual Fire Insurance Company. Enckell took part again in activities in employers' organisations and worked in positions of trust in a number of Finnish companies.[1]
Back to politics
Enckell returned to politics in September 1944 when he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs in Antti Hackzell's cabinet. He was sent to peace negotiations to Moscow to replace the head of the Finnish delegation, prime minister Hackzell, who had fallen seriously ill. As an outcome, Finland signed the Moscow Armistice which ended the Continuation War between Finland and Soviet Union. Enckell took part in the Paris peace conference in August and September 1946 as deputy chairman of the Finnish delegation and on 10 February 1947 he signed the Paris peace treaty as chairman of the delegation.[1]
Enckell left his post as insurance company director in 1946 and devoted again to foreign affairs. After the
Enckell retired in March 1950, after serving as Foreign Minister for six consecutive years.[1][3] During his career he served a grand total of 2,502 days as foreign minister.[2]
Personal life
In 1903 Enckell was married to German-born Lucy Marie Frieda Agathe Margareta Ponsonby-Lyons (1875–1945). The couple had two daughters and two sons who were born between 1911–1920. The younger son, Ralph Enckell, became a notable diplomat.[1]
Enckell bought Eriksnäs Mansion in Sipoo in 1916 and used it as his summer residence. During his diplomacy years in Paris he started collecting historical maps of Northern Europe and Russia; the collection is currently kept in Helsinki University Library.[1]
Board memberships
- Finnish General Employers' Federation
- Finnish Engineering Industry Employers' Federation
- Domestic Work Association
- Helsingin Osakepankki (1931–1936)
- Industrialists' Mutual Fire Insurance Company (1936–1946)
- Oy Aga Ab (1939–)
- Wärtsilä Group (1945–1949)[1]
Awards
- Cross of Liberty, 1st Class (1919)
- Commander of the White Rose of Finland, 1st class (1919)
- Grand Cross of the White Rose of Finland (1921)
- Cross of Liberty, 1st Class with a grand star (1944)
- Grand Cross of the White Rose of Finland with Collar (1946)
- Grand Cross of the Dannebrog (Denmark; 1919)
- Grand Cross of Vasa (Sweden; 1919)
- Commander of the Legion of Honour, (France; 1920)
- Cross of Liberty, 1st Class (Estonia; 1922)
- Grand Cross of the Crown of Belgium (Belgium; 1924)
- Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour, (France; 1926)
- Grand Cross of the Falcon of Iceland (Iceland; 1949)
- Grand Cross of Polonia Restituta (Poland; 1927)[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r af Forselles, Cecilia (4 May 2001). "Enckell, Carl (1876–1959)". Kansallisbiografia (in Finnish). Translated by Marjomaa, Ulpu. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
- ^ a b "Ministerin tiedot – Enckell, Carl Johan Alexis" (in Finnish). Helsinki: Valtioneuvosto (Finnish Government). Retrieved 15 November 2016.
- ^ "Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland – Ministers of Foreign Affairs". Valtioneuvosto.fi. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
Further reading
- "Carl Enckell". Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. urn:NBN:fi:sls-4705-1416928957311.
- Wikidata Q113529980