Carrizo Plain
Carrizo Plain National Monument | |
---|---|
Location | San Luis Obispo & Kern counties, California |
Nearest city | California Valley, California |
Coordinates | 35°11′29″N 119°47′34″W / 35.1913582°N 119.7929080°W[2] |
Area | 246,812 acres (998.81 km2)[3] |
Established | January 17, 2001 |
Governing body | Bureau of Land Management |
Website | Carrizo Plain National Monument |
Carrizo Plain Rock Art Discontiguous District | |
Area | 1215 |
NRHP reference No. | 01000509[4] |
Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | May 23, 2001 |
Designated NHLD | March 2, 2012 |
The Carrizo Plain (Obispeño: tšɨłkukunɨtš, "Place of the rabbits")[5] is a large enclosed grassland plain, approximately 50 miles (80 km) long and up to 15 miles (24 km) across, in southeastern San Luis Obispo County, California, United States, about 100 miles (160 km) northwest of Los Angeles.[6] The southern portion of the Carrizo Plain is within the 246,812-acre (99,881 ha)[3] Carrizo Plain National Monument, which also includes most of the Caliente Range. The Carrizo Plain is the largest single native grassland remaining in California. It includes Painted Rock in the Carrizo Plain Rock Art Discontiguous District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 2012 it was further designated a National Historic Landmark due to its archeological value. The San Andreas Fault occurs along the eastern edge of the Carrizo Plain at the western base of the Temblor Range.
Geography and geology
The Carrizo Plain extends northwest from the town of
The Carrizo Plain is an easily accessible place to see surface fractures of the
Wallace Creek
Wallace Creek is a small stream, draining into Soda Lake, that remains dry most of the year. It drains perpendicular to the San Andreas Fault, and the creek bed is currently offset by 425 ft (130 m) due to the movement of the fault. About 23 ft (7 m) of the displacement was created during the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake. The current segment began forming 3,700 years ago. Sometime between 1540 and 1630 A.D., the creek was offset by about 40.6 feet (12.4 m) feet in an even larger earthquake.
Two other older creek beds lie 1,560 and 1,310 ft (475 and 399 m) northwest along the San Andreas Fault. The first creek bed was created around 13,000 years ago when climate change formed the creek on a large active alluvial fan. The second bed was created about 11,000 years ago.
The creek has been carefully studied by geologists to find a correlation between the offset and historical events, such as earthquakes, that have occurred along the San Andreas Fault. Although Wallace Creek is not the only creek that has been offset by the San Andreas Fault, it is the most spectacular.[8][9]
Access
Geology
San Andreas Fault
The most prominent geologic feature of the Carrizo Plain is the San Andreas Fault, which runs along the northeast side of the plain, at the base of the Elkhorn Scarp. The section of the fault in the Carrizo Plain is the oldest section along the entire fault zone.[10] Displacement on the San Andreas is responsible for the development of distinctive features, including shutter ridges, diverted or decapitated stream channels, and sag ponds.[11] One feature relating to the San Andreas Fault and aligned to it in the Carrizo Plain is the Dragon's Back pressure ridge.[12]
Other faults
The Big Spring Fault, the San Juan Fault, the Morales Fault, and the White Rock Fault are small faults that run parallel to the San Andreas Fault along the Caliente Range on the western boundary of the Carrizo Plain.
Soil taxonomy
The parent materials for
Fauna
The Carrizo Plain is home to 13 species listed as endangered either by the state or federal government, the largest concentration of endangered species in California.
- San Joaquin kit fox – a small nocturnal subspecies of the kit fox that was formerly common throughout the San Joaquin Valley but has recently become endangered.
- Blunt-nosed leopard lizard – a small, 3–5 inch gray to brown lizard with large dark spots and cream-colored cross bands. It has a broad, triangular shaped head and is endemic to California. It inhabits the grasslands and alkali flats of the San Joaquin Valley and the surrounding foothills and valleys.[15]
- Giant kangaroo rat – the largest of all kangaroo rats. The giant kangaroo rat is also endemic to California and now only occupies about 2% of its original range, making it critically endangered.
- San Joaquin antelope squirrel – a light tan squirrel with a white belly and a white stripe down its back and sides. Most of its habitat is used for agriculture, making the Carrizo Plain the habitat for most of the remaining population.
Carrizo Plain National Monument
Management—historical overview
In 1988,
- Establish long-term mission and vision statements that reflect the long-term objectives of the CPNA,
- Outline objectives and goals for the life of this plan that will help to achieve the mission,
- Consolidate a descriptive inventory of area resources and outline appropriate public uses of those resources,
- Provide an overview of operations, maintenance and personnel needs to assist in developing annual work plans and budgeting for implementation of plan goals.[16]
On January 12, 2001, President Bill Clinton signed a presidential proclamation establishing the Carrizo Plain as a national monument. The first manager of the new Carrizo Plain National Monument was Marlene Braun (1958–2005); she was succeeded by Johna Hurl. The managerial partners of the CPNA took the responsibility of maintaining this new national monument. Since then, the area of protected land has increased to 250,000 acres (1,012 km2).[17]
Carrizo Plain Natural Area Plan
Mission statement
"Manage the Carrizo Plain Natural Area (CPNA) so that indigenous species interact within a dynamic and fully functioning system in perpetuity while conserving unique natural and cultural resources and maintaining opportunities for compatible scientific research, cultural, social and recreational activities."[18]
Administration
Routine monthly meetings and coordinated planning are essential parts in the management of the CPNA. The administration partners of the CPNA work together to make decisions about the area and what needs to be taken care of in order to maintain the natural environment of the plain. Although each partner has its own headquarters and administrative personnel, the Education Center Coordinator is one position that is funded by all of the CPNA partners. At BLM the staff consists of a project manager, a biological technician, a heavy equipment operator, a computer specialist, and a law enforcement ranger. All TNC personnel are located at their office in San Francisco. DFG at the moment has only one wildlife biologist at CPNA along with a wildlife assistant II and a scientific aide. Outside specialists also volunteer their time to study the area, from plant ecologists to species specialists. The fire suppression administration is the responsibility of BLM, which has formal agreements with Kern, Santa Barbara, and San Luis Obispo counties to help share in the support and funding of its fire suppression program. Funding for other programs within Carrizo Plain National Monument come from its management partners.[19]
Research
When the CPNA Plan was implemented in the late 1990s, one of its first assignments was to gather information on the area's biological, cultural, recreational, and physical resources. The information obtained by the management partners has helped to ensure that each decision made on behalf of the Carrizo Plain National Monument will benefit all of its resources. This research has also helped to manage different activities and events within the plain. For example,
Current management projects
One of the current range management projects involves removing non-native grasses by selective cattle grazing early in the season when non-native grasses emerge. Later in the season, the management team removes the cattle, giving native plants a competitive advantage versus the non-native vegetation. The use of grazing on the Carrizo Plain National Monument remains a controversial practice.
Future management projects
There are an abundant amount of minerals in the Carrizo Plain National Monument.
Camping
Campgrounds
Camping within Carrizo Plain National Monument is available at two primitive campgrounds – KCL Campground and Selby Campground. These two sites differ markedly.
KCL is located in the southern part of the monument, west and very close to Soda Lake Road. Access from the main road is easy, and the camping area is generally bounded by a wooden fence. The campground has eight picnic tables and firepits, and is frequently occupied by "day use" visitors, although overnight camping is also allowed. Trees about the campground provide shade – some of the only shade in the monument's valley. As this site was previously owned by the Kern County Land Company, there are several outbuildings in a non-maintained state. The corrals may be used by visitors to stable their horses.
Selby is located more to the north and more distant from Soda Lake Road. A good gravel road leads to the campground from Soda Lake Road over a distance of five miles. The road is generally usable in all weather conditions, but does wind and have some moderate grades as it approaches the campground area. This site is much more rugged, located on a man-made cut into the natural terrain, bounded by hills and canyons. Camp tables are covered by shade structures, a permanent and toilet outhouse is available (no water), camping is allowed anywhere upon the large flat areas. Hiking up and into the adjoining Wilderness Study Area provides hearty exercise and impressive views. The nearby Selby Rocks formation offers a view of large granite boulders. (It is not advised to climb the rocks as the loose granite surface is fragile.) A recent addition is a water spigot that provides non-potable water to the campsites.
Primitive camping
Car camping is also an option within certain areas within the monument, primarily in the foothills. Camping is not allowed in the main valley floor. See the CPNM Visitor Resource Map.[21]
Conservation management issues
World Heritage Site
This section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2009) |
Advantages of World Heritage Site status for the Carrizo Plain might have included increased tourism for the plain and for surrounding areas, as well as increased ability to attract private and public funding for habitat conservation, sustainable tourism, and increased management support. However, opponents of the nomination were concerned that World Heritage Site status would create problems for oil production, grazing rights, off-road recreation, and private property rights. One point of controversy was a buffer zone around the monument; opponents expected this would adversely affect nearby oil drilling sites. Some local residents were also fearful of the international organizations that would monitor and report on the monument's adherence to World Heritage treaty obligations, because maintenance of World Heritage status would depend on compliance with the 1972 Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, ratified by the United States. The idea was widespread that the United States would lose sovereignty over the area.[citation needed]
The Wilderness Society eventually decided not to nominate the Carrizo Plain National Monument as a World Heritage Site, as nominations are successful only if they have almost unanimous support.
Oil drilling
While the Carrizo Plain is dotted with dry holes drilled and abandoned by oil companies in decades past, no commercially viable quantities of petroleum have ever been found on the plain itself. Small quantities of drillable oil have been found south of the Caliente Range, near the
Solar power
The remote Carrizo Plain's status as one of the sunniest places in the state was exploited by the
In October 2007, the
The solar field would have operated daily from sunrise to sunset. Typical operating hours for the CESF would have been approximately 13 hours per day, or an average of 4,765 hours per year. In November 2009, the project was canceled.
On August 14, 2008,
As of November 2014 Topaz Solar Farm is operational, with peak power of 550 MW.[32]
California Valley Solar Ranch opened in 2013.
Grazing
Few issues regarding the CPNM have been as controversial as
See also
- List of national monuments of the United States
- List of National Historic Landmarks in California
- National Register of Historic Places listings in San Luis Obispo County, California
References
- ^ Gudde, Erwin G (2010). California Place Names: A Geographical Dictionary. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 125.
- ^ "Carrizo Plain". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved March 27, 2012.
- ^ a b "National Monument detail table as of April 2012" (PDF). Bureau of Land Management. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
- ^ "yakʔitʸutʸu resources - University Housing - Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo". Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo University Housing. Retrieved November 1, 2018.
- ^ "Carrizo Plain National Monument" Bureau of Land Management. 27 Feb. 2008. U.S. Department of the Interior. 3 Mar. 2008, web: "Carrizo" Archived 2009-01-26 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ What you need to know about the ‘super bloom’ at Carrizo Plain National Monument - LA Times April 7. 2017
- ^ Santa Maria, Jed. "Stop 21: Wallace Creek" 3 Mar. 2008. <"Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 10, 2007. Retrieved March 6, 2008.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)> - ^ Wallace Creek earthquake offsets Archived 2017-04-05 at the Wayback Machine by USGS
- ^ Matthews, V., 1973, The Pinnacles-Neenach correlation: a restriction for models of the origin of the Transverse Ranges and the big bend in the San Andreas Fault; Geological Society of America Bull., V. 84, p. 683-688
- ^ "The San Andreas Fault Zone in the Carrizo Plain, California: Review of Quaternary Geologic Investigations, Landforms, and Fault Activity" Arrowsmith, J R., 1995, Appendix C, Coupled tectonic deformation and geomorphic degradation along the San Andreas Fault System, PhD. Dissertation, Stanford University, pp. 312–346. 3 Mar. 2008. <"Quaternary Geologic Investigations, Carrizo Plain, CA". Archived from the original on February 22, 2008. Retrieved February 22, 2008.>.
- ^ Arrowsmith, J. Ramón (September 2, 2013). "Exploring topographic response to interacting surface processes and rock uplift: the Dragon's Back Pressure Ridge along the San Andreas Fault, Carrizo Plain, CA". Active Tectonics Blog. Retrieved August 18, 2022.
- ^ Oster, Ken. Vinson, Eric. "Soil Survey of San Luis Obispo County, California, Carrizo Plain Area" US Department of Agriculture. National Resource Conservation Services. 3 Mar. 2008 <http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/Manuscripts/CA667/0/carrizo.pdf> Archived March 21, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ "Too Wild to Drill" The Wilderness Society. 3 Mar. 2008.<"Too Wild to Drill - Carrizo Plain National Monument". Archived from the original on February 14, 2008. Retrieved February 22, 2008.>.
- ^ "Gambelia Sila – Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard" CaliforniaHerps.com. 3 Mar. 2008.<"Blunt-nosed Leopard Lizard - Gambelia sila". Archived from the original on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 23, 2014.>.
- ^ "Carrizo Plain Natural Area Plan – Overview." Bureau of Land Management. 07 May 2007. U.S. Department of the Interior. 3 Mar. 2008 <"Carrizo Plain National Monument Plan 1996". Archived from the original on March 29, 2008. Retrieved March 4, 2008.>.
- ^ "Fact Sheet and Mission Statement." Bureau of Land Management. 27 Apr. 2007. U.S. Department of the Interior. 3 Mar. 2008 <http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/bakersfield/Programs/carrizo/mission_statement.html> Archived March 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ "Carrizo Plain Natural Area Plan – Mission." Bureau of Land Management. 07 May 2007. U.S. Department of the Interior. 3 Mar. 2008 <"Carrizo Plain National Monument Plan 1996". Archived from the original on March 29, 2008. Retrieved March 4, 2008.>.
- ^ "Carrizo Plain Natural Area Plan – Infrastructure & Administration." Bureau of Land Management. 07 May 2007. U.S. Department of the Interior. 3 Mar. 2008 <"Carrizo Plain National Monument Plan 1996". Archived from the original on March 29, 2008. Retrieved March 4, 2008.>.
- ^ "Carrizo Plain Natural Area Plan – Reasonable Foreseeable Development Scenarios." Bureau of Land Management. 07 May 2007. U.S. Department of the Interior. 3 Mar. 2008 <"Carrizo Plain National Monument Plan 1996". Archived from the original on March 29, 2008. Retrieved March 4, 2008.>.
- ^ Visitor Resource Map Archived April 1, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Carrizo Plain National Monument-World Heritage Nomination." The Wilderness Society. 3 Mar. 2008 <"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 23, 2008. Retrieved March 4, 2008.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)> - ^ "Extractable minerals on the Carrizo Plain: from BLM's 1996 Management Plan" (PDF). blm.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 4, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
- ^ Willon, Phil (September 9, 2019). "California lawmakers challenge Trump's bid to expand oil drilling and fracking statewide". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
- ^ Whitney, David. "Oil Exploration May Shake Up Carrizo." SanLuisObispo.com. 3 Mar. 2008.<"San Luis Obispo County's website | 03/03/2008 | Oil exploration may shake up Carrizo". Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved March 6, 2008.>
- ^ Smith, Hayley (June 18, 2020). "Federal approval of oil well at Carrizo Plain National Monument sparks outrage". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 5, 2023.
- ^ Hlavinka, Elizabeth (August 4, 2023). "Bureau of Land Management orders removal of oil wells in California's Carrizo Plain". Yahoo Finance. Retrieved August 5, 2023.
- ^ Los Padres ForestWatch (August 4, 2023). "Oil Company Ordered to Permanently Close Oil Wells, Restore Habitat in California's Carrizo Plain National Monument". Edhat (Press release). Retrieved August 5, 2023.
- ^ "Carrizo Energy Solar Farm Power Plant Licensing Case". Archived from the original on August 4, 2008.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2008. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - Pacific Gas and Electric. August 14, 2008. Archived from the originalon October 4, 2008. Retrieved August 15, 2008.
- ^ "The Largest Solar Plant In The World Is Now Operational". November 26, 2014. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
- ^ See Rudnick v. McMillan, 25 Cal. App. 4th 1183, 31 Cal. Rptr. 193, 31 Cal. Rptr. 2d 193 (Ct. App. 1994) (overturning jury libel verdict for rancher against newspaper editorial).
- ^ Cart, Julie; La Ganga, Maria L. (August 20, 2005). "Suicide Casts a Shadow on Conservation Battle". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 12, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2018 – via LA Times.
- ^ Heath Nero, Univ. of Michigan thesis, Protected Landscapes and Multiple Use: BLM's National Monuments and Conservation System, 2009.<"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved June 7, 2009.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)>
External links
Carrizo Plain National Monument.
- Official website
- Carrizo.org: The Friends of the Carrizo Plain
- USGS: Carrizo Plain National Monument – 3D photographic tour featuring regional geology.
- The Nature Conservancy: Carrizo Plain
- April 16, 2009 The Santa Barbara Independent — story on the Carrizo Plain
- Despite being located less than 130 miles from downtown Los Angeles, few Americans have heard of Carrizo Plain – BBC
- Suicide Casts a Shadow on Conservation Battle – Los Angeles Times