Cassidinae
Cassidinae | |
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Platypria sp. | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Coleoptera |
Infraorder: | Cucujiformia |
Family: | Chrysomelidae |
Subfamily: | Cassidinae Gyllenhal, 1813 |
Tribes | |
The Cassidinae (tortoise and leaf-mining beetles) are a subfamily of the leaf beetles, or
Description
The "cassidoids" have a rounded outline with the edges of the
A few species in two closely related tribes (
Taxonomy
It includes both the former subfamily "Hispinae" (leaf-mining beetles), as well as the former more narrowly defined subfamily Cassidinae (familiar as tortoise beetles) which are now split into several tribes that include the tribe Cassidini, and in all include over 125 genera. The traditional separation of the two groups was based essentially on the habitats of the larvae and the general shapes of the adults. The name Cassidinae for the merged subfamily is considered to have priority.[6]
The former grouping of "Hispinae" (sometimes called leaf-mining beetles, or "hispoids") included the tribes Alurnini, Anisoderini, Aproidini, Arescini, Bothryonopini, Callispini, Callohispini, Cephaloleiini, Chalepini, Coelaenomenoderini, Cryptonychini, Cubispini, Eurispini, Exothispini, Gonophorini, Hispini, Hispoleptini, Hybosispini, Leptispini, Oediopalpini, Oncocephalini, Promecothecini, Prosopodontini, Sceloenoplini and Spilophorini.[7] Most members of these tribes are elongated, slightly flattened beetles with parallel margins, and antennal bases close together on their small heads. They often have punctate elytra and pronotum, sometimes with spines both on and along the edges. The former grouping of Cassidinae (sometimes called tortoise beetles, or "cassidoids") included the tribes Aspidimorphini, Basiprionotini, Cassidini, Delocraniini, Dorynotini, Eugenysini, Goniocheniini, Hemisphaerotini, Mesomphaliini, Notosacanthini, Omocerini and Physonotini.[7]
BioLib currently (March 2024) includes the following tribes:
Aspidimorphini
Auth. Chapuis, 1875; genera:
- Aspidimorpha Hope, 1840
- Conchyloctenia Spaeth, 1902
- Hybosinota Spaeth, 1909
- Laccoptera Boheman, 1855
- Mahatsinia Weise, 1910
- Nilgiraspis Spaeth, 1932
Basiprionotini
Auth. Gressitt, 1952; genera:
- Androya Spaeth, 1911
- Basiprionota Chevrolat, 1837
- Cassidopsis Fairmaire, 1899
- Craspedonta Chevrolat, 1837
- Epistictina Hincks, 1950
- Megapyga Boheman, 1850
- Metriopepla Fairmaire, 1882
- Pseudandroya Spaeth, 1952
- Cassidini Gyllenhal, 1813
- Delocranini Spaeth, 1929
- Dorynotini Monrós & Viana, 1949
- Eugenysini Hincks, 1952
- Goniocheniini Spaeth, 1942
- Hemisphaerotini Monrós & Viana, 1951
Imatidiini
Auth. Hope, 1840 (= Cephaloleiini); genera:
- Aslamidium Borowiec, 1984
- Calliaspis Dejean, 1837
- Cyclantispa Sekerka, 2014
- Demotispa Baly, 1858
- Imatidium Fabricius, 1801
- Katkispa Sekerka, 2014
- Lechispa Sekerka, 2014
- Parentispa Sekerka, 2014
- Parimatidium Spaeth, 1938
- Pseudostilpnaspis Borowiec, 2000
- Spaethaspis Hincks, 1952
- Stilpnaspis Weise, 1905
- Weiseispa Sekerka, 2014
- Windsorispa Sekerka, 2014
Notosacanthini
Auth. Gressitt, 1952
- Herminella Spaeth, 1913
- Hermosacantha Borowiec & Świetojańska, 2014
- Notosacantha Chevrolat, 1837
- Omocerini Hincks, 1952
- Physonotini Spaeth, 1942 = synonyms Ischyrosonychiniand Physonotini
- Spilophorini Chapuis, 1875 (= Oediopalpini)
Stolaini
Auth. Hincks, 1952
- Acromis Chevrolat, 1837
- Amythra Spaeth, 1913
- Anacassis Spaeth, 1913
- Anepsiomorpha Spaeth, 1913
- Botanochara Dejean, 1837
- Chelymorpha Chevrolat, 1837
- Convexocoleus Shin, 2013
- Cyrtonota Chevrolat, 1837
- Echoma Chevrolat, 1837
- Elytrogona Chevrolat, 1837
- Eutheria (beetle) Spaeth, 1909
- Hilarocassis Spaeth, 1913
- Mesomphalia Hope, 1839
- Nebraspis Spaeth, 1913
- Ogdoecosta Spaeth, 1909
- Omaspides Chevrolat, 1837
- Paraselenis Spaeth, 1913
- Phytodectoidea Spaeth, 1909
- Poecilaspidella Spaeth, 1913
- Stoiba Spaeth, 1909
- Stolas (beetle) Billberg, 1820
- Terpsis Spaeth, 1913
- Trilaccodea Spaeth, 1902
- Xenicomorpha Spaeth, 1913
- Zatrephina Spaeth, 1909
In addition, Borowiec et al.[7] included:
- Aproidini
- Chalepini (= Uroplatini)
- Cryptonychini
- Cubispini
The subfamily names Cassidinae and Hispinae are both founded by Gyllenhal in the same 1813 book, but following the
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Deloyala guttata, mottled tortoise beetle, showing typical shape and patches of metallic coloration
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Hispella testacea in copula (Hispini)
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Leaf beetle Chalepus sanguinicollis, Grand Cayman
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Blue and orange tortoise-beetle Stolas cf. conspersa from Brazil
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Stolas lebasii, Panama
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Stolas lebasii, Panama
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Charidotella sexpunctata, larva protected by fecal shield
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Charidotella sexpunctata, adult
See also
References
- ^ Chaboo, C.S., S. Adam, K. Nishida, L. Schletzbaum. 2023. Architecture, construction, retention, and repair of fecal shields in three tribes of tortoise beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Cassidinae: Cassidini, Mesomphaliini, Spilophorini). ZooKeys Special Issue, Research on Chrysomelidae 9. ZooKeys 1177: 87–146. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1177.102600
- S2CID 23072397.
- ^ a b Chaboo, C.S., F.A. Frieiro-Costa, J. Gómez-Zurita, R. Westerduijn. 2014. Subsociality in leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae, Chrysomelinae). Journal of Natural History 48: 1–44.
- ^ Flowers, RW (2008). "Leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". In Capinera, JL (ed.). Encyclopedia of Entomology (2 ed.). Springer. p. 2148.
- )
- ^ S2CID 83469991.
- ^ a b c Borowiec, L.; Świętojańska, J. 2014: 2.7.2 Cassidinae Gyllenhal, 1813. Pp. 198–217 in: Leschen et al., 2014
- ^ Chen, S. H. (1940). "Attempt at a new classification of the leaf beetles". Sinensia. 11: 451–481.