Alevi preacher. Celâl's name was later used by Ottoman histories as a general term for rebellious groups in Anatolia, most of whom bore no particular connection to the original Celâl.[2] As it is used by historians, the "Celali rebellions" refer primarily to the activity of bandits and warlords in Anatolia from c. 1590 to 1610, with a second wave of Celali activity, this time led by rebellious provincial governors rather than bandit chiefs, lasting from 1622 to the suppression of the revolt of Abaza Hasan Pasha
in 1659. These rebellions were the largest and longest lasting in the history of the Ottoman Empire.
The major uprisings involved the
Janissary government established after the regicide of Osman II in 1622, or Abaza Hasan Pasha's desire to overthrow the grand vizier Köprülü Mehmed Pasha.[citation needed] The Ottoman leaders understood why the Celali rebels were making demands, so they gave some of the Celali leaders government jobs to stop the rebellion and make them part of the system. The Ottoman army used force to defeat those who didn't get jobs and kept fighting. The Celali rebellions ended when the most powerful leaders became part of the Ottoman system and the weaker ones were defeated by the Ottoman army. The Janissaries and former rebels who had joined the Ottomans fought to keep their new government jobs.[3]
Major revolts
Karayazıcı (1598)
The Ottoman Empire in 1590, at the outset of the Celali rebellions.
In 1598 a sekban leader, Karayazıcı Abdülhalim, united the dissatisfied groups in the
Kutahya, in western Anatolia, but later he and his followers were won over by grants of governorships.[1]
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