Ceolfrith

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Saint Ceolfrid
Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church
Feast25 September

Saint Ceolfrid (or Ceolfrith, Old English:

Burgundy while en route to deliver a copy of the codex to Pope Gregory II in Rome.[1]

Early life

Not much is known about the earlier period of Ceolfrid's life.

Saint Wilfrid. These monks are identified by Boutflower as being the Benedictines of Ripon
at a monastery under the same name. During this time, he came to refine his own understanding of proper monastic principles. At the age of 27, Ceolfrid was ordained as a priest, and began to acquaint himself to the utmost with the practices of monastic life.

Very little is revealed about the period between the end of his days at Ripon, and his appointment under

Botolph, whom he describes as being filled with "the grace of spirit".[5]
While having been revered as an inspiration for the way of divine living, Botolph also served to inspire a greater sense of humility within Ceolfrid.

Relationship with Benedict Biscop

Vulgate Bible created in Wearmouth and Jarrow under Ceolfrid at the turn of the eighth century.
British Library
, London.

In c.672/3,

Easterwine") as his primary Abbot and Coadjutor. The monastery took eight years to build. This institute had left Ecgfrith so enamoured that soon after the completion of the Wearmouth Monastery, he granted Biscop another segment of land for the construction of a second monastery, Jarrow
, with the intention that the two should be administered as one.

It is during the construction of the Wearmouth Monastery that Benedict Biscop sought out Ceolfrid, who would become "his most zealous assistant from the first foundation of the former monastery",[6] as well as a close friend. It appears that Biscop's invitation came at a most opportune time, for Ceolfrid had been contemplating the idea of leaving the post he held at the time. He had grown rather disenchanted with the power stratification within the institution (the name of which is unknown), and had had enough of the "jealousies and very bitter persecutions of certain men of rank",[7] and had been looking to return to his own monastery (assumed to be Ripon).

Upon the completion of the Jarrow Monastery, Ceolfrid became the Abbot of the St. Paul's Church on the monasterial grounds. Conflicting reports state that the presence of Ceolfrid during Jarrow's construction varied. Some papers state that Jarrow came into his hands after its completion, while another identified Ceolfrid as being paramount to the actual construction of the monastery; as the individual who directed the construction of the monastery itself.

The friendship between the two was fairly close. When Benedict sailed across the English channel to Rome for the last time, he chose only Ceolfrid to join him in his journey. This trip was to be the very trip that would lead to both Abbot's immortalization in the works of Ceolfrid's ward and later contemporary,

The Venerable Bede. Ceolfrid also used the trip as an opportunity to explore his role in Biscop's institution, feeling that Rome would be an opportune place to learn his position's responsibilities. Twelve years later, upon the death of Abbot Eosterwini, Ceolfrid was appointed as the sole Abbot for both Monasteries of Wearmouth and Jarrow, an honour never heard of before. In 690, Benedict Biscop died, after being bedridden for a lengthy period of time, and Ceolfrid became the leading head of both monasteries, "[whose] libraries of both monasteries, which Abbot Benedict had so actively begun, under his zealous care became doubled in extent".[8]

Relationship with Bede

Bede came into Ceolfrid's care at the young age of seven, and became the pupil of the Abbot as well as friend. In his early years at the twin Monasteries of Wearmouth – Jarrow (686), the Plague had struck Northumbria, and ravaged most of the countryside, including the twin Monasteries. Ceolfrid and Bede appeared to have remained untouched by the epidemic, and took the duties of caring for the infected and dying monks of the monasteries with unyielding fervour. They further worked together in maintaining the regular sermons when fear had gripped the population. When the Plague finally passed over, master and pupil began to rebuild the monastic foundations and succeeded effectively. Bede remained in Jarrow for the majority of his life, never straying more than 70 miles from the monastery at any time. He was a loyal pupil until Ceolfrid's death, and he died in Jarrow in 735.

The Codex Amiatinus Project

Portrait of Ezra from the Codex Amiatinus in the Laurentian Library, Florence.

The

Mount Amiata in Tuscany. It is believed that he changed the dedicatory note inscribed within the leaves as donated to the monastery. This occurred in the 9th century. The document remained at Mount Amiata until 1786, when it was relocated to the Laurentian Library
in Florence. There is some dispute over what consisted of this Vulgate Codex. Over the past few hundred years, additional leaves that appear to be related to this text have been located in Britain, some having been used as book wrappings. These new discoveries have led scholars to question the total length of the codex, as there are still fragments missing from it today.

Ceolfrid and the Picts

Sometime after 711, Nechtan mac Der-Ilei, King of the Picts, sought authoritative advice from Abbot Ceolfrid on the reform of paschal cycles with a view to harmonising the celebration of Easter within his kingdom.[9] By 716 both the Picts and the Columban clergy of Iona had adopted the pascha catholica.[10]

Final days

Ceolfrid apparently knew that he was coming to the end of his life, and so he resigned his post and was succeeded by

Hwaetberht. He then set sail for Rome with the intent of delivering the Codex Amiatinus Bible to Pope Gregory II. He made it as far as Langres
in Burgundy, where he died on 29 September 716 and was buried.

References

  1. ^ George Elphege Hind (1908). "St. Ceolfrid". In Catholic Encyclopedia. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  2. ^ Low, J. Low., Boutflower, D. Samuel. (1912). The life of Ceolfrid: abbot of the monastery at Wearmouth and Jarrow. Sunderland: Hills & company.
  3. ^ D.S Boutflower, 56
  4. ^ Boutflower,10
  5. ^ Boutflower, 57
  6. Internet Medieval Sourcebook. Archived from the original
    on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
  7. ^ Boutflower, 60
  8. ^ Ruby Davis, "Bede's early Readings"
  9. ISBN 9798868900235
    .
  10. ^ Grigg, Julianna (2015), The Philosopher King and the Pictish Nation, Four Courts Press, Dublin

Further reading

  • Davis, Ruby, Bede's Early Readings, as appearing in Speculum Vol.8, No.2, 1933. PP.179–195.
  • Anon., "The Anonymous Life of Ceolfrith," in Abbots of Wearmouth and Jarrow, ed. and trans. Christopher Grocock and I. N. Wood (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2013).
  • Anon., Life of Ceolfrid, Abbot of Wearmouth and Jarrow. As translated by D.S. Boutflower. London: Sunderland Hills & Company, 1912. Pgs 10,56,57.
  • Bede, Lives of the Abbots of Wearmouth and Jarrow As appearing in The Medieval Sourcebook [1] Archived 24 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  • Marsden, Richard, The Text of Old Testament in Anglo-Saxon England Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Book 15 of Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England
  • Bell, H.I, Leaves of an Early Bible Manuscript. As appearing in The British Museum quarterly, Vol.12, No.2 April 1938, Pp. 39–40
  • Laistner, M.L.W, Bede as a Classical and Patristic Scholar As appearing in Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth series, Vol. 33, (1933), Pp. 69–94
  • Lowe, E.A. The Uncial Gospel Leaves attached to the Utrecht Psalter As appearing in The Art Bulletin, Vol.34, No.3 (September 1952)
  • McGurk, Patrick An Anglo-Saxon Bible fragment of the Late 8th Century As appearing in Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol. 25, No. 1/2 (January - June, 1962), pp. 18–34

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ceolfridus.
Preceded by
–
Jarrow

682–716/7 		Succeeded by
Hwaetberht
Preceded by
Monkwearmouth

690–716/717 		Succeeded by
?
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