Chilodonella uncinata
Chilodonella uncinata | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
(unranked): | Alveolata |
Phylum: | |
Class: | |
Order: | |
Family: | |
Genus: | |
Species: | C. uncinata
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Binomial name | |
Chilodonella uncinata (Ehrenberg, 1838)[1]
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Synonyms | |
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Chilodonella uncinata is a
Habitat
Chilodonella uncinata has a cosmopolitan distribution. It is suspected to act as a
mosquito larva. It lives in fresh water ponds, lakes, creeks, and bayous where it feeds on bacteria and other microbes.Microscopic examination of cytological samples showed that mosquito larva containing subcutaneous encysted C. uncinata had a 25-100% mortality in the mosquito larva, but no viability examinations were conducted.[6]
Biology and morphology
Chilodonella uncinata has a broad
Genome structure
All
Internally eliminated sequences
Unlike Tetrahymena or Paramecium, it has been observed that C. uncinata has a larger number of IES sequences within a single protein-coding gene than in other ciliates . Also there exists populations of C. uncinata that contain an IES sequence that other populations do not carry.
Reproduction and division
Chilodonella uncinata has sexual conjugation for
Sexual conjugation
Sex and reproduction are separate in ciliates.[10] C. uncinata is capable of mating with other C. uncinata cells that have the same mating type. After mating type complementary, the germ-line nucleus undergoes meiosis to produce zygotic nuclei. Each conjugated cell transfers one zygotic nucleus to the other cell where the zygotic nuclei fuse. The diploid germ-line nucleus undergoes mitosis which creates a duplicated germ-line nucleus. At this point the somatic nucleus is being degraded.
The duplicated germ-line nucleus then develops into the new somatic nucleus. The genomic structure of the somatic nucleus is being created by chromosomal fragmentation with single-gene chromosomes and amplification of these somatic chromosomes. It is unknown what determines the copy number of each chromosome or if the copy number of the somatic chromosomes are heritable between sexual conjugations.
Asexual reproduction
C. uncinata goes through asexual reproduction for cell division and duplication called amitosis. As C. uncinata has two nuclei, it goes through two different styles of division of the nuclei. The germ-line nucleus goes through mitosis during asexual division while the somatic nucleus undergoes amitosis. Amitosis is a stochastic process where unlike in mitosis, there is no spindle formation to segregate chromosomes during nuclear division. Instead, the chromosomes within the somatic nucleus are duplicated, and the nucleus goes through binary division. The precise mechanism is unknown, but it is believed that somatic chromosomes that are located on one side of the dividing somatic nucleus are distributed to one daughter cell, and the somatic chromosomes on the other side of the nucleus are distributed to the other daughter cell.
This amitotic process causes the two daughter cells to potentially have identical germ-line nucleus but a different somatic nucleus in regards to the copy numbers of the chromosomes. As the somatic nucleus is the nucleus that is transcriptionally active, this somatic copy number mutation derived by the amitotic process could have fitness consequences for the individual cell.
Use in genomic research
Childonella uncinata is easily cultured in the laboratory, has a fast generation time, and has a complex genomic structure that allows C. uncinata to be a
References
- ^ Alan Warren (2010). "Chilodonella uncinata (Ehrenberg, 1838)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved January 20, 2012.
- ^ S2CID 15586012.
- ISBN 978-0-19-922905-5.
- ^ PMID 8078435.
- ISBN 978-1-55581-209-6.
- ^ Bina Pani Das (2003). "Chilodonella uncinata – a protozoa pathogenic to mosquito larvae" (PDF). Current Science. 85 (4): 483–489. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
- ISBN 978-1-4020-8238-2.
- PMID 11491362.
- PMID 10409752.
- PMID 17890762.
- PMID 23437129.
- PMID 12144013.
External links
- Media related to Chilodonella uncinata at Wikimedia Commons