Cichorioideae

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Cichorioideae
Cichorium intybus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Cichorioideae
Chevallier
Tribes

See text

The Cichorioideae are a

genera and about 2900 species
. It is heterogeneous and hard to characterize except with molecular characters.

Taxonomy

The subfamily as understood in 1998 turned out to be

DNA sequences,[1]
so a number of
subfamilies. Names for the new subfamilies were published in 2002.[2]
In 2004, 2007, and 2008,
molecular phylogenetic studies further clarified relationships within Cichorioideae.[3][4][5]

Major

monophyletic, but its two subtribes, Arctotidinae and Gorteriinae
, were strongly supported.

In the 2009 book, the Gundelieae were sunk into the Cichorieae. The new tribe Platycarpheae was recognized, as well as the tribes Eremothamneae and Moquinieae. Heterolepis was placed in the Arctotideae, at least provisionally. Distephanus was not placed in the Moquinieae or the Vernonieae, but is closely related to them.[9] Trichospira was placed in the Vernonieae, but its inclusion there is in doubt.


Phylogeny

The following

phylogeny is from Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of the Compositae, except the tribe Gundelieae is recognized and the genus Trichospira
is now included in Vernonieae.

Cichorioideae

References

  1. JSTOR 2992008
    .
  2. ^ Jose L. Panero; Vicki A. Funk (2002-12-30). "Toward a phylogenetic subfamilial classification for the Compositae (Asteraceae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 115 (4). Biological Society of Washington: 909–922. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-09-14. Retrieved 2007-08-12.
  3. JSTOR 4135440
    .
  4. ^ Sterling C. Keeley, Zac H. Forsman, and Raymund Chan. 2007. "A phylogeny of the "evil tribe" (Vernonieae: Compositae) reveals Old/New World long distance dispersal: Support from separate and combined congruent datasets (trnL-F, ndhF, ITS)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44(1):89-103.
  5. ^ a b Jose L. Panero and Vicki A. Funk. 2008. "The value of sampling anomalous taxa in phylogenetic studies: Major clades of the Asteraceae revealed". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47(2):757–782.
  6. ISBN 978-0-88192-275-2
    .
  7. ISBN 978-3-540-31050-1
  8. JSTOR 4135440
    .
  9. ISBN 978-3-9501754-3-1
    (see External links below).

External links
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