Cinnamon hummingbird
Cinnamon hummingbird | |
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Amazilia rutila rutila Suchitepéquez Department, Guatemala | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Clade: | Strisores |
Order: | Apodiformes |
Family: | Trochilidae |
Genus: | Amazilia |
Species: | A. rutila
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Binomial name | |
Amazilia rutila (Delattre, 1843)
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Range of A. rutila |
The cinnamon hummingbird (Amazilia rutila) is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found from northwestern Mexico to Costa Rica.
Taxonomy
The cinnamon hummingbird was
Four subspecies are recognised:[8]
- Amazilia rutila diluta Van Rossem, 1938
- Amazilia rutila graysoni Lawrence, 1867
- Amazilia rutila rutila (DeLattre, 1843)
- Amazilia rutila corallirostris (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)
It has been suggested that graysoni be treated as a separate species and that diluta should be included in rutila because they intergrade.[10]
Description
The cinnamon hummingbird is 9.5 to 11.5 cm (3.7 to 4.5 in) long and on average weighs about 5 to 5.5 g (0.18 to 0.19 oz). Adults of the nominate subspecies A. r. rutila have metallic bronze green upperparts and cinnamon to cinnamon rufous underparts that are paler on the chin and upper throat. The tail is deep cinnamon rufous to rufous chestnut; the feathers have dark metallic bronze tips and the outermost have dark metallic bronze outer edges. The wings are a dark brownish slate. Males' bills are red with a black tip and females' mostly black with red at the base. Juveniles are similar to adults but have rufous edges to the face, crown, and rump feathers and an all black bill.[11]
The song is "varied, high, thin, slightly squeaky chips, si ch chi-chit or tsi si si-si-sit, or chi chi-chi chi chi, etc." Its call has been described as "a buzzy, scratchy tzip" and "a hard to sharp chik".[11]
Amazilia rutila diluta is similar to the
Distribution and habitat
The cinnamon hummingbird is resident throughout its range.[11] The subspecies of cinnamon hummingbird are found thus:[8][11]
- Amazilia rutila diluta, the northwestern Mexican states of Sinaloa and Nayarit
- Amazilia rutila graysoni, Isla María Madre in Islas Marías off the coast of western Mexico
- Amazilia rutila rutila, from Jalisco in western Mexico south through El Salvador and western Honduras and Nicaragua into northwestern Costa Rica.
- Amazilia rutila corallirostris, from Chiapas in Mexico south to El Salvador
The populations in Mexico's Yucatán state, northeastern Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica are usually attributed to A. r. rutila but have sometimes been considered to be part of A. r. corallirostris.[11][10]
The cinnamon hummingbird inhabits
Behavior
Feeding
The cinnamon hummingbird usually forages from the understory to the mid-story, but also will visit taller flowering trees. It feeds on nectar from a very wide variety of flowering plants and also eats insects. It is territorial and defends feeding sites from intrusion by other hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies.[11]
Breeding
The cinnamon hummingbird's breeding season varies throughout its range; every month is represented somewhere. Its nest is a cup made of plant material and spider web placed on a horizontal branch. Three nests in western Mexico had a small platform of wood pieces under the cup. The cup was made of kapok seed fibers with grass, bits of wood, and lichens on the outside. All three were in semi-deciduous forest. The clutch size is two eggs, but little more is known about the species' breeding phenology.[11][12]
Status
The
References
- ^ . Retrieved 14 February 2022.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
- ^ Lesson, René (1842). "Species avium novae aut minimus cognitae". Revue Zoologique (in Latin). 1842: 174–175 [175].
- ^ Gervais, Paul (1835). "Oiseau-Mouche Ornismya". Magasin de Zoologie. 5. Classe 2, p. 1, Plate 43.
- ^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1945). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 5. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 73.
- ^ Delattre, Adolphe (1843). "Oiseaux-mouches nouveaux ou peux connus, découverts au Guatimala". L'Écho du Monde Savant et l'Hermès (in French). 10 (Part 2). Column 1068–1070 [1069].
- ^ Lesson, René (1843). "Ornithologie: Complément à l'histoire naturelle des oiseaux-mouches". L'Echo du Monde Savant (in French). Part 2 (32). Col. 755–758 (757).
- ^ Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2022). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 12.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
- ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ a b HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved May 27, 2021
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Arizmendi, M. d. C., C. I. Rodríguez-Flores, C. A. Soberanes-González, and T. S. Schulenberg (2020). Cinnamon Hummingbird (Amazilia rutila), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.cinhum1.01 retrieved February 14, 2022
- S2CID 245539704.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png)
- Cinnamon hummingbird photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)