Cleveland Diesel Engine Division

Add links
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Cleveland Diesel Engine Division
General Motors

The Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors (GM) was a leading research, design and production facility of diesel engines from the 1930s to the 1960s that was based in

destroyer escorts, Patapsco-class gasoline tankers and other marine applications. Emergency generator sets were also built around the Cleveland Diesel and were installed in many US warships. The division was created in 1938 from the GM-owned Winton Engine Corporation and was folded into the GM Electro-Motive Division
in 1962. The engines continue in use today on older tugs.

History

Cleveland Diesel traces it roots to the

Electro-Motive Division
.

Winton Engine Corporation

Winton Engine Corporation embarked on a sustained research and development effort in partnership with the General Motors Research Division to develop diesel engines with improved

U.S. Navy submarines. In 1934 an 8-cylinder, 600-horsepower (447 kW), 8-201A diesel engine powered the first American diesel-powered train, the Burlington Zephyr streamliner passenger train. The research and development efforts in the mid-1930s branched into engines for locomotive (Model 567) and marine and stationary (Models 268 and 268A) use, produced under Winton's successor, the GM Cleveland Diesel Engine Division, and smaller diesel engines suited for road vehicles, introduced by GM's Detroit Diesel division in 1938.[4][5][6]

Charles F. ("Boss") Kettering
was the head of the GM Research Division in the 1930s. Boss Kettering oversaw the efforts that produced the Winton 201A, and the first engines produced under the Cleveland Diesel and Detroit Diesel names.

Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors

GM reorganized the Winton Engine Corporation in 1938 as the Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors. Locomotive engines were moved to the authority of GM's

Electro-Motive Division in a January 1941 reorganization. The Cleveland Diesel Model 248 series resulted from a series of design changes to the Winton 201A engine. Further changes and increases in cylinder displacements resulted in the Model 278, and 278A during World War II.[4] Cleveland diesel engines were used widely by the U.S. Navy in World War II, powering submarines, destroyer escorts, and numerous auxiliaries. They were also installed as generator sets and as auxiliary drives in many US warships built during the 1930s into the 1960s.[4][7][8][9][10][11]

98% of Cleveland Diesel's business was government contracts by 1939.

LaGrange, Illinois.[2]

Cleveland Diesel Engines

Reliability issues with the Winton Model 201A led to its replacement with the improved Model 248 for marine use and Model 567 for locomotive use. The Model 16-201A diesels in early fleet submarines such as the Porpoise class were eventually replaced with the Cleveland diesel 12-278A during World War II.[12]

The Model 248 was offered in 8, 12 and 16-cylinder V type layouts. The two-stroke, Uniflow-scavenged engines employ a gear driven Roots blower on the front of the engine which provided aspiration for the cylinders. It is a medium speed marine diesel designed to operate at 750 rpm.[13]

The Cleveland Diesel Model 248 cylinder displacement was increased in the Model 248A and further redesign for production simplification resulted in the Model 278 with aluminum pistons. In early World War Two it was redesigned again for increased cylinder displacement and horsepower resulting in the Model 278A with steel pistons. The Model 278A engine was built in 6, 8, 12, and 16-cylinder variants. The Cleveland Diesel Division product line produced it through the late 1950s.[4][6]

The

Electro-Motive Division
.

Cleveland Diesel Engine Division produced the following engines:

Cleveland diesel-powered fleet submarines

General Motors Cleveland Model 16-248 diesel engine
USS Cod one of the World War II submarines with General Motors Cleveland diesel engines

The Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors built the majority of submarine engines during

diesel electric submarines built in World War II and they continued to operate in U.S. service until the 1980s and in foreign service until the 2000s. Two models of the Cleveland diesels were used as main engines in World War II era fleet type submarines
, the Model 16-248 and Model 16-278A. The 16-248 was installed in Cleveland diesel equipped submarines until the Model 16-278 was introduced. Cleveland diesel installations since early World War II were Model 16-278A engines.

They are of a 16-cylinder V-type engine with two banks of eight cylinders each. The engines operates on the 2-stroke cycle principle, are air started, and are rated at 1600 bhp at 756 rpm on the 16-248 and 750 rpm on the 16-278A. The size of the bore and stroke of the 16-248 engine is 8+1⁄2 inches and 10+1⁄2 inches respectively as compared to 8+3⁄4 inches and 10+1⁄2 inches for Model 16-278A. Both models were connected to

electric motors with reduction gears (Elliott Company, General Electric, or Allis-Chalmers
)

The Cleveland Diesel Model 268 inline diesel was used as an auxiliary engine in many fleet submarines and as emergency backup generators on larger warships. They also found use in commercial applications. The 8-cylinder, in-line, 2-cycle, air starting engine, rated at 300MW generator output at 1200 rpm. The size of the bore and stroke is 6+3⁄8 inches and 7 inches respectively.[19] The small displacement Barracuda class used three 8-268A Cleveland diesels which developed 1050 shp.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Kettering, E.W. (November 29, 1951). History and Development of the 567 Series General Motors Locomotive Engine. ASME 1951 Annual Meeting. Atlantic City, New Jersey: Electro-Motive Division, General Motors Corporation.
  2. ^ a b c "Cleveland Diesel Engine Division of General Motors Corp". Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 11, 2018.
  3. ^ "Winton, Alexander". Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. May 12, 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d "Cleveland Diesel Model 278A". Old Marine Engines. Tugboat Enthusiasts Society of the Americas. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  5. LCCN 66-22894
    .
  6. ^ a b Wittmer, Paul. "U.S. Submarine Engines". Subvetpaul.com. Archived from the original on February 28, 2018.
  7. ^ Silverstone, Paul H. (1966). U.S. Warships of World War II. Doubleday and Company. pp. 164–167.
  8. ISBN 0-517-67963-9
    .
  9. ^ "NavSource USS Balao SS-285". Photographic History of the U.S. Navy. NavSource Naval History. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  10. ^ "NavSource USS Cannon DE 99". Photographic History of the U.S. Navy. NavSource Naval History. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
  11. ^ "NavSource USS Sotoyomo ATA 121". Photographic History of the U.S. Navy. NavSource Naval History. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
  12. ^ Alden, John D., Commander, USN (retired). The Fleet Submarine in the U.S. Navy (Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1979), p. 58.
  13. ISBN 978-1-935327-03-5
    – via Google Books.
  14. ^ a b c "Cleveland Diesel in World War Two".
  15. ^ navsource.org individual ship pages
  16. ^ "Crestview PCE-895".
  17. ^ navsource says 12-578A engine, probably typo
  18. ^ as stated in each ship's navsource page
  19. ^ "Chapter 3: Engines and Engine Components". NavPers 16161: Submarine Main Propulsion Diesels. U.S. Navy. June 1946 – via Maritime Park Association.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cleveland_Diesel_Engine_Division&oldid=1211626646"