Clitoral hood reduction

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"Clitoridotomy" redirects here. Not to be confused with clitoridectomy.
Clitoral hood reduction
Plastic surgical reduction of the clitoral hood (prepuce) for aesthetic reasons. Left: before, right: after the surgery.
Specialtyplastic surgeon

Clitoral hood reduction, also termed clitoral hoodectomy,[1] clitoral unhooding, clitoridotomy,[2][3] or (partial) hoodectomy, is a plastic surgery procedure (a form of vulvoplasty) for reducing the size and the area of the clitoral hood in order to further expose the glans of the clitoris.

It is usually performed as an elective cosmetic surgery meant to improve sexual satisfaction and to change the aesthetic appearance of the vulva. The reduction of the clitoral hood usually is done together with a labiaplasty that reduces the labia minora, and occasionally within a vaginoplasty.

Though patient surveys have indicated satisfaction with the outcome of such procedures, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists cautioned in 2007 that for this type of vaginal surgeries, which are not medically indicated, women should be informed about the lack of data on their efficacy and potential complications.[4]

Surgical procedures

Pudendum femininum: The external anatomy of the vulvo-vaginal complex, indicating the clitoris, the clitoral prepuce, the labia majora, and the labia minora.

The procedures for labiaplasty occasionally include a clitoral hood reduction.[5] One technique for reducing the clitoral hood is the bilateral excision (cutting) of the prepuce tissues covering the clitoral glans, with especial attention to maintaining the glans in the midline.[6] Another technique cuts away (excises) the redundant folds of clitoral prepuce tissue, with incisions parallel to the long axis of the clitoris.[7]

Clitoral hood reduction can be included in the extended wedge resection labiaplasty technique, wherein the extension of the exterior wedge sections is applied to reducing the prepuce tissues of the clitoral glans. Yet, occasionally excess prepuce-skin, in the center of the clitoral hood, is removed with separate incisions.[8]

Results

Result of clitoral unhooding

Studies have reported a high rate of patient satisfaction with the aesthetic changes to the

self esteem; yet the study also reported that formal psychological counselling before the surgical operation about what to expect and what not to expect from a labia minora and clitoral prepuce reduction procedure might better serve the prospective patient by assisting her in establishing realistic expectations for her genital beauty and mental health after such a procedure.[10][11]

Criticism

See also:
Labia pride

Partial or total hoodectomy is classified by the

legally permitted in most countries, and is often less invasive in practice.[13]

The

G-spot amplification, and recommends that women seeking such genitoplastic surgeries must be fully informed, with the available surgical-safety statistics, of the potential health risks of surgical-wound infection, of pudendal nerve damage (resulting in either an insensitive or an over-sensitive vulva), of dyspareunia (painful coitus), of tissue adhesions (epidermoid cysts), and of painful scars.[4]

Risks

The dorsal nerves of the clitoris travel above the clitoris along the clitoral body. Permanent injury to these nerves can occur with clitoral hood reductions.[14]

See also

References

  1. doi:10.1586/17474108.4.2.101. The procedures described under female esthetic genital surgery are reduction labiaplasty, vaginaplasty, liposuction to mons pubis, fat injections to labia majora or mons, clitoral hoodectomy, hymenorrhaphy, 'G-spot amplification', and the use of a surgical laser in 'vaginal rejuvenation'. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help) (originally located at http://www.expert-reviews.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1586/17474108.4.2.101
    )
  2. ^ Carol Downer (1980). "Self-help for sex". Women's Sexual Development. Springer US. pp. 255–279. Some therapists refer women for female circumcision (clitoridotomy) to have their clitoral hoods removed so that they can be more sensitive to the thrusts of the penis
  3. ^ Maria Caterinala Barbera (2009). "Revisiting the anti-Female Genital Mutilation Discourse" (PDF). Circumcision (also called clitoridotomy, τομία, Greek for "cut", "incision") is the mildest form of genital cutting. This involves the clitoral hood removal, but it preserves the clitoris and the posterior larger parts of the labia minora. In Islamic culture, circumcision is known as sunna (tradition), because it is mentioned in some ahadith (the sayings of Muhammad). This kind of cutting can be equated to male circumcision. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ a b American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2007). "Vaginal "Rejuvenation" and Cosmetic Vaginal Procedures" (PDF): 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 30, 2008. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^
    S2CID 36163955.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  6. ^ a b Felicio Y. Labial Surgery. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2007. 27:3;322–328.
  7. ^ Hunter JG. Considerations in Female External Genital Aesthetic Surgery Techniques. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2008. 28:1;106–107.
  8. ^ a b c Alter GJ. Aesthetic Labia Minora and Clitoral Hood Reduction Using Extended Central Wedge Resection. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2008. 122:6; 1780–1789.
  9. doi:10.1016/j.bps.2009.01.002
    .
  10. S2CID 71948922.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  11. ^ Di Saia JP. "An Unusual Staged Labial Rejuvenation". Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2008 (5): 1263–1267.
  12. ^ "Sexual and reproductive health: Classification of female genital mutilation". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on January 14, 2014. Retrieved 2018-05-08.
  13. ^ Zakir, Mohammed (2016). "WHO's stance and the criminalization of female circumcision: The protection of or violation of human rights?" (PDF). Dawoodi Bohra Women for Religious Freedom. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 4, 2023.
  14. S2CID 22501531
    .

External links
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