Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum

Coordinates: 41°54′17.94″N 12°29′30.69″E / 41.9049833°N 12.4918583°E / 41.9049833; 12.4918583
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum, or simply Collegium Germanicum, is a German-speaking

Catholic priests in Rome
, founded in 1552. Since 1580 its full name has been Pontificium Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum de Urbe. It is located on the Via di San Nicola da Tolentino.

History

Ignatius Loyola
, co-founder of the college.

It was apparent to the Roman Curia that the advance of the Reformation in the Holy Roman Empire would not be addressed by a reform of the clergy in the empire itself. The Collegium Germanicum was established on 31 August 1552 by Pope Julius III with the bull Dum sollicita.

Giovanni Morone, co-founder of the college.

The initiative towards its foundation was taken by Cardinal

Society of Jesus ("Jesuits"). After the Almo Collegio Capranica, this is the oldest college in Rome. It opened in October 1552.[1]

The administration was confided to a committee of six

Cardinal Protectors, who decided that the collegians should wear a red cassock, in consequence of which they have since been popularly known as the "boiled shrimps".[2]

During the first year the higher courses were given in the college itself; but in the autumn of 1553 St. Ignatius succeeded in establishing the schools of philosophy and theology in the Collegio Romano of his Society. He also drew up the first rules for the college, which served as models for similar institutions. During the pontificate of Pope Paul IV the financial conditions became such that the students had to be distributed among the various colleges of the Society in Italy. To place the institution on a firmer basis it was decided to admit paying boarders regardless their nationality, and without the obligation of embracing the ecclesiastical state; German clerics to the number of 20 or more were received free and formed a separate body. In a short time 200 boarding students, all belonging to the flower of European nobility, were received. Pope Pius V placed 20 of his nephews in the college.

Via Portuense and on Lake Bracciano; moreover he incorporated with it the Abbeys of Fonte Avellana in the Marches, S. Cristina, and Lodiveccio in Lombardy. This allowed the practice of free education to be maintained.[1]
The new rector P. Lauretano, drew up another set of regulations.

Seat until 1798.

The college had already changed its location five times. In 1574

Ottavio Pittoni, and others) constantly drew large crowds to the church. Too much attention indeed was given to music under P. Lauretano, so that regulations had to be made at various times to prevent the academic work of the students from suffering. The courses were still given in the Collegio Roman; but when Bellarmine terminated his lectures on controversy, a chair for this important branch of learning was established in the Collegio Germanico and somewhat later a chair of canon law. As a special mark of his favour, Gregory XIII ordered that each year on the Feast of All Saints
a student of the college should deliver a panegyric in presence of the pope.

Meanwhile, in 1578 the Collegio Ungherese had been founded through the efforts of another Jesuit,

S. Stefano Rotondo on the Caelian Hill, and of S. Stefanino behind St. Peter's Basilica, the former belonging to the Hungarian Pauline monks, and the latter to the Hungarian pilgrims' hospice. In 1580 Pope Gregory XIII merged it with the Collegium Hungaricum ("Hungarian College"), founded in 1578, since when it has been called the Pontificium Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum de Urbe, or the Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum for short.[4]
The students generally numbered about 100, sometimes, however, there were but 54, at other times as many as 150.

During the seventeenth century several changes occurred, in particular the new form of oath exacted from all the students of foreign colleges. Mention must be made of the work of P. Galeno, the business manager who succeeded in consolidating the finances of the college so as to raise the revenue to 25,000

S. Agostino
.

After Emperor Joseph II in 1781 forbade all students of his realm to study in Rome, and the city was shortly afterwards occupied by French troops, the college was obliged to close in 1798. It was reopened under Pope Pius VII in 1818, and reorganised by Pope Leo XII, who strengthened its connection to the Jesuits and gave it the form which it still has today.

On the proclamation of the

general of the Jesuits, who appointed the rector and other fathers in charge of the college. In 1845 the estate of S. Pastore near Zagarolo was acquired. In 1851 the residence was transferred to the Palazzo Borromeo
in the Via del Seminario where it remained till 1886. In 1873 when the Collegio Romano was taken away from the Jesuits, the Collegio Germanico found a home in the Gregorian University.

In 1886 owing to the necessity of having more extensive quarters, the Collegio Germanico was transferred to the Hotel Costanzi in the Via S. Nicola da Tolentino. During World War I the members of the college had to move to share the premises of the Collegium Canisianum in Innsbruck from 1915 to 1919.

Present day

The Hotel Costanzi was torn down in 1939 to make way for road construction. The present college was built in 1944.[2]

The leadership of the Germanicum and Hungaricum collegiums is entrusted to the Jesuit order, with the rector and three other priests belonging to the Jesuit community. Two Croatian nuns are also part of the household.[1]

The college receives students from Scandinavia, from the old German Empire and from the old Hungarian kingdom; places are free, but there are some students who pay.[5][6] They study at the Pontifical Gregorian University (for bachelors’ degrees) and at various pontifical universities in Rome for their licentiate and doctorate. The “official” language of the College is German and all of them study Italian, to be able to follow the courses conducted in Italian. After receiving their bachelor’s degree, they return to their diocese for to a "pastoral year".[2]

It is customary for college community to make the pilgrimage to the Seven Churches on a Sunday in Lent.

Teaching

At its foundation the defence against the

Reformation, improvement of theological training and the education of priests loyal to Rome were the principal aims. "From the territories, endangered in faith, of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation" were to be trained "fearless warriors for the faith" (quotations from the founding bull). After the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989
it was possible to restore the original internationalism of the college.

Saints and Blesseds

The college commemorates some saints and blessed who have a special relationship with the college or were alumni.

Known students

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Pontificium Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum
  2. ^ a b c Baglioni, Pina. "THE GERMAN-HUNGARIAN COLLEGE", 30Giorni, January 2, 2009
  3. ^ Trend, John Brande (1965) [1926]. The Music of Spanish History. New York: Kraus Reprint Corporation, p. 158
  4. ^ Aldásy, Antal. "Stephan Szántó (Arator)." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 2 November 2022 Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ^ cf. Steinhuber, "Geschichte des Collegium Germanicum-Hungaricum in Rom", Freiburg, 1896
  6. ^ Hettinger, "Aus Welt und Kirche," I, Freiburg, 1897.
  7. ISBN 3-88309-013-1
    .

Sources

External links

This article is a translation of the equivalent article on the German Wikipedia

41°54′17.94″N 12°29′30.69″E / 41.9049833°N 12.4918583°E / 41.9049833; 12.4918583

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