Colubroides

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Colubroides
Eastern racer (Coluber constrictor)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Clade: Caenophidia
Clade: Colubroides
Zaher et al., 2009[1]
Subclades
Synonyms[2]

Xenophidia

The Colubroides are a

monophyletic.[4][11][12][13][14]

Morphological synapomorphies are defined as such from Zaher et al. (2009):[1]

Loss of the right carotid artery; intercostal arteries arising from the dorsal aorta throughout the trunk at intervals of several body segments; specialized expanded costal cartilages; presence of a muscle protractor laryngeus; separate muscle protractor quadrati; separate spinalis and semispinalis portion in the epaxial trunk; spinules or spines covering the hemipenial body.

Traditionally, the name "Colubroidea" was used for this clade. This was seen problematic, however, as many of the same studies that support this clade of snakes also advocated for the various subfamilies of Colubridae to be reevaluated as proper families in their own right.[1][15][13] As the result of this, Zaher et al. (2009) proposed to rename the clade as "Colubroides", restricting Colubroidea to the clade Colubridae and several related families that were formerly colubrid subfamilies.[1][15][13]

Below is a phylogeny of colubroid snakes found in many analyses:[1][15][13]

Colubroides

References

  1. ^
    hdl:11449/71032
    .
  2. ^ "Scientific name: Xenophidia". The Taxonomicon. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
  3. ^ a b c Uetz, Peter. "Serpentes at The Reptile Database". The Reptile Database. EMBL. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  4. ^
    S2CID 2509713. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2014-08-19. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
  5. ^ "Colubroidea". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  6. PMID 21074626. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 3 October 2013.
  7. ^ Scanlon, J. D.; Lee, M. S. Y. (2011). Aldridge, R. D.; Sever, D. M. (eds.). The Major Clades of Living Snakes: Morphological Evolution, Molecular Phylogeny, and Divergence Dates in Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Snakes. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers. pp. 55–95.
  8. ^ Vidal, N.; Delmas, A. S.; Hedges, S. B. (2007). Henderson, R. W.; Powell, R. (eds.). The higher-level relationships of alethinophidian snakes inferred from seven nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Eagle Mountain, Utah, USA: Eagle Mountain Publishing. pp. 27–33.
  9. ^ Vitt, L. J.; Caldwell, J. P. (2014). Herpetology: an introductory biology of amphibians and reptiles (4th ed.). Burlington: Academic Press. pp. 108–109.
  10. PMID 24315866. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2015-12-02. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
  11. PMID 23627680
    .
  12. ISBN 9780470015902
    .
  13. ^
    PMID 27603205
    .
  14. PMID 26475614
    .
  15. ^
    S2CID 84934386
    .
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colubroides&oldid=1193539198"