Condensation reaction
In
combined to form a single molecule, usually with the loss of a small molecule such as water.[1] If water is lost, the reaction is also known as a dehydration synthesis. However other molecules can also be lost, such as ammonia, ethanol, acetic acid and hydrogen sulfide.[2]
The addition of the two molecules typically proceeds in a step-wise fashion to the addition product, usually in
biosynthesis of fatty acids.[4]
Many variations of condensation reactions exist. Common examples include the
Dieckman condensation (intramolecular Claisen condensation), which form alcohols as by-products.[5]
Synthesis of prebiotic molecules
Condensation reactions likely played major roles in the synthesis of the first biotic molecules including early peptides and nucleic acids. In fact, condensation reactions would be required at multiple steps in RNA oligomerization: the condensation of nucleobases and sugars, nucleoside phosphorylation, and nucleotide polymerization.[6]
See also
- Anabolism
- Hydrolysis, the opposite of a condensation reaction
- Condensed tannins
References
- ^ "25.18 Condensation Reactions". Book: Introductory Chemistry (CK-12). Chemistry Libre Texts. 12 August 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- . Retrieved 7 December 2017.
- S2CID 105101288.
- ISBN 978-0470-12930-2.
- ISBN 0-12-138110-2.
- ISBN 9781839164804.
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