Conocybe apala
Conocybe apala | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Basidiomycota |
Class: | Agaricomycetes |
Order: | Agaricales |
Family: | Bolbitiaceae |
Genus: | Conocybe |
Species: | C. apala
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Binomial name | |
Conocybe apala (Fr.) Arnolds (2003)
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Synonyms | |
Conocybe lactea |
Conocybe apala | |
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Gills on hymenium | |
Cap is conical | |
Hymenium is adnexed or free | |
Stipe is bare | |
Spore print is brown to reddish-brown | |
Ecology is saprotrophic | |
Edibility is unknown |
Conocybe apala is a
Taxonomy
Since this species is very common it has a long taxonomic history having been described independently many times throughout the years. The basionym Agaricus apalus was described by the Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1818[3] and reclassified as Pluteolus apalus by the French mycologist Lucien Quélet in 1886.[4] This was reclassified as Galera hapala (or Galera apala) in 1887 by Pier Andrea Saccardo,[5] then as Bolbitius apalus in 1891 by Julien Noël Costantin and Léon Jean Marie Dufour[6] and finally as Derminus apalus in 1898 by Paul Christoph Hennings.[7]
It was reclassified as Conocybe apala in 2003 by Everhardus Johannes Maria Arnolds.[8]
Description
Very easily missed due to their very small size, C. apala fruit bodies are otherwise quite easy to identify. The cap has a pale cream to silvery-white colour and may sometimes have a darker yellow to brown coloration towards the central umbo. Its trademark hood-shaped conical cap expands with age and may flatten out, the surface being marked by minute radiating ridges. The cap ranges from 1–3 cm in diameter.[9] The gills may be visible through the thin cap and these are coloured rust or cinnamon brown and quite dense. They are adnexed or free and release brown to reddish-brown elliptical spores producing a spore print of the same colour. The stem is cap-coloured, elongated, thin, hollow and more or less equal along its length with a height up to 11 cm and diameter of 1–3 mm.[10][11] It can bear minuscule striations or hairs. The flesh of C. apala has no discernible taste or smell and is extremely fragile to the touch. Its cap can be from 1-2.5 centimeters.
Gallery
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Conocybe apala gill edge 400x
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Conocybe apala spores 1000x
Similar species
Similar species include
Habitat
Conocybe apala is a
Edibility
Completely unknown, one study found phallotoxin in the caps.[13]
External links and resources
- ^ Index Fungorum – Names Record
- ^ "Milky Conecap (Conocybe apala)".
- ^ Fries, Elias; Fries, Elias (1818). Observationes mycologicae. Vol. v.2 (1818). Havniae: sumptibus G. Bonnieri. pp. 142–143.
- ^ Quélet, Lucien; Quélet, Lucien (1886). Enchiridion fungorum in Europa media et praesertim in Gallia vigentium. Lutetiae: O. Doin. p. 105.
- ^ Saccardo, P. A.; Saccardo, P. A.; Traverso, G. B.; Trotter, A. (1887). Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum. Vol. v.5 (1887). Patavii: sumptibus auctoris. p. 860.
- ^ Costantin, Julien Noël; Dufour, Léon Jean Marie (1891). Nouvelle flore des champignons, pour la détermination facile de toutes les espèces de France et de la plupart des espèces européennes, avec 3842 figures. Paris: Librairie classique et administrative. p. 116.
- ^ Engler, Adolf; Engler, Adolf; Krause, Kurt; Pilger, R.; Prantl, Karl (1900). Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten begründet. Vol. Teil 1, Abt.1**. Leipzig: W. Engelmann. p. 241.
- ^ Arnolds, EEF (2003). "Notulae Ad Floram Agaricinam Needlandicam - XL: New Combinations in Conocybe and Pholiotina" (PDF). Persoonia. 18 (2).
- ^ OCLC 797915861.
- ^ a b "Conocybe albipes at Mushroom Expert". Mushroom Expert. Retrieved July 16, 2009.
- ISBN 0-7153-0129-2.
- ^ "Conocybe lactea at Rogers Mushrooms". Rogers Mushrooms. Archived from the original on November 18, 2008. Retrieved July 16, 2009.
- PMID 14531619.