Convergence and Union
Convergence and Union Convergència i Unió | |
---|---|
Website | |
www | |
Convergence and Union (
CiU was a
In the
On 18 June 2015 CDC spokespersons declared the CiU federation "finished", albeit amenable to an "amicable" separation. This occurred after an ultimatum had been issued by President Mas to UDC, due to their diverging positions on the Catalan independence process.[20]
Policies and ideology
CiU used to defend the notion of Catalonia as a
CiU is generally considered a Catalan nationalist party; this is also the term it uses to describe itself. Both the Spanish and Catalan media perceive it as a moderate nationalist force. However, its liberal fraction (CDC) has a relatively strong current which advocates
On the other hand, the Christian democratic part of the coalition, the Democratic Union of Catalonia, is less favourable to the idea of an independent Catalonia. Nevertheless, several prominent members of the Democratic Union have also supported independence, especially since the late 2000s.[28] However, the supporters of independence within the Democratic Union are a minority with much less influence than their counterparts in the Democratic Convergence.[29]
Terms of office
At the Catalan level, CiU ruled the
2008 General Elections
The party won 10 seats in the Congress of Deputies at the March 2008 elections.
CiU supported changes to the
2010 Catalan elections
On Sunday 28 November 2010 (28-N), CiU regained control of the regional parliament after seven years in opposition, winning about 38% of the popular vote, earning 62 seats out of the total 135.[30] Its platform was broadly centrist, and somewhat ambiguous about independence from Spain.
In the 2010 elections, the turnout was just above 60%, and the
2012 Catalan elections
On Sunday 25 November 2012, CiU maintained its control of the regional parliament by winning approximately 30 per cent of the popular vote and earning 50 seats of the total 135. This represents a drop in voter support since the 2010 election, with voter turn-out for the 2012 election at approximately 70%, or the highest since 1998.[31] It is also the lowest percentage of the vote the coalition has scored since its formation in 1988.
Electoral performance
Parliament of Catalonia
Parliament of Catalonia | ||||||
Election | Leading candidate | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | Government |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980 | Jordi Pujol | 752,943 | 27.83 (#1) | 43 / 135
|
— | Minority |
1984 | 1,346,729 | 46.80 (#1) | 72 / 135
|
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Coalition (1984–1987) | |
Majority (1987–1988) | ||||||
1988 | 1,232,514 | 45.72 (#1) | 69 / 135
|
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Majority | |
1992 | 1,221,233 | 46.19 (#1) | 70 / 135
|
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Majority | |
1995 | 1,320,071 | 40.95 (#1) | 60 / 135
|
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Minority | |
1999 | 1,178,420 | 37.70 (#1) | 56 / 135
|
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Minority | |
2003 | Artur Mas | 1,024,425 | 30.94 (#1) | 46 / 135
|
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Opposition |
2006 | 935,756 | 31.52 (#1) | 48 / 135
|
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Opposition | |
2010 | 1,202,830 | 38.43 (#1) | 62 / 135
|
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Minority | |
2012 | 1,116,259 | 30.71 (#1) | 50 / 135
|
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Minority |
Cortes Generales
Nationwide
Cortes Generales | |||||||||
Election | Congress | Senate | Leading candidate | Status in legislature | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | # | Seats | +/– | Seats | +/– | |||
1979 | 483,353 | 2.69% | 5th | 8 / 350
|
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1 / 208
|
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Jordi Pujol | Opposition |
1982 | 772,726 | 3.67% | 5th | 12 / 350
|
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5 / 208
|
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Miquel Roca | Opposition |
1986 | 1,014,258 | 5.02% | 4th | 18 / 350
|
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8 / 208
|
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Miquel Roca | Opposition |
1989 | 1,032,243 | 5.04% | 5th | 18 / 350
|
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10 / 208
|
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Miquel Roca | Opposition |
1993 | 1,165,783 | 4.94% | 4th | 17 / 350
|
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10 / 208
|
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Miquel Roca | Confidence and supply |
1996 | 1,151,633 | 4.60% | 4th | 16 / 350
|
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8 / 208
|
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Joaquim Molins
|
Confidence and supply |
2000 | 970,421 | 4.19% | 4th | 15 / 350
|
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8 / 208
|
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Xavier Trias | Opposition |
2004 | 835,471 | 3.23% | 4th | 10 / 350
|
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4 / 208
|
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Josep Antoni Duran i Lleida | Opposition |
2008 | 779,425 | 3.03% | 4th | 10 / 350
|
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4 / 208
|
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Josep Antoni Duran i Lleida | Opposition |
2011 | 1,015,691 | 4.17% | 5th | 16 / 350
|
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9 / 208
|
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Josep Antoni Duran i Lleida | Opposition |
Regional breakdown
Election | Catalonia | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Congress | Senate | ||||||
Votes | % | # | Seats | +/– | Seats | +/– | |
1979 | 483,353 | 16.38% | 4th | 8 / 47
|
![]() |
1 / 16
|
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1982 | 772,726 | 22.48% | 2nd | 12 / 47
|
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5 / 16
|
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1986 | 1,014,258 | 32.00% | 2nd | 18 / 47
|
![]() |
8 / 16
|
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1989 | 1,032,243 | 32.68% | 2nd | 18 / 46
|
![]() |
10 / 16
|
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1993 | 1,165,783 | 31.82% | 2nd | 17 / 47
|
![]() |
10 / 16
|
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1996 | 1,151,633 | 29.61% | 2nd | 16 / 46
|
![]() |
8 / 16
|
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2000 | 970,421 | 28.79% | 2nd | 15 / 46
|
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8 / 16
|
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2004 | 835,471 | 20.78% | 2nd | 10 / 47
|
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4 / 16
|
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2008 | 779,425 | 20.93% | 2nd | 10 / 47
|
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4 / 16
|
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2011 | 1,015,691 | 29.35% | 1st | 16 / 47
|
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9 / 16
|
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European Parliament
European Parliament | ||||||||
Election | Total | Catalonia | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | # | Seats | +/– | Votes | % | # | |
1987 | 853,603 | 4.43% | 5th | 3 / 60
|
— | 843,322 | 27.82% | 2nd |
1989 | 666,602 | 4.20% | 5th | 2 / 60
|
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655,339 | 27.53% | 2nd |
1994 | 865,913 | 4.66% | 4th | 3 / 64
|
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806,610 | 31.50% | 1st |
1999 | 937,687 | 4.43% | 4th | 3 / 64
|
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843,021 | 29.28% | 2nd |
2004 | Within Galeusca | 1 / 54
|
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369,103 | 17.44% | 3rd | ||
2009 | Within CEU | 2 / 54
|
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441,810 | 22.44% | 2nd | ||
2014 | Within CEU | 2 / 54
|
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549,096 | 21.84% | 2nd |
See also
- List of political parties in Spain
- Autonomous Community
Notes
- ^ a b c d Compared to the combined totals of Democratic Pact for Catalonia and Union of the Centre and Christian Democracy of Catalonia in the 1977 general election.
References
- ^ a b c d Dowling, Andrew (2005), "Convergència i Unió, Catalonia and the new Catalanism", The Politics of Contemporary Spain, Rotledge, p. 106
- ^ a b Bukowski, Jeanie (2003), "Party Politics and Regional Strategies in Spain", Between Europeanization and Local Societies: The Space for Territorial Governance, Rowman & Littlefield, p. 173
- ^ Hepburn, Eve (2009), "Degrees of Independence: SNP Thinking in an International Context", The Modern SNP: From Protest to Power, Edinburgh University Press, p. 199
- ^ a b c Smith, Angel (2009), Historical Dictionary of Spain, Scarecrow Press, pp. 199–202
- ^ a b Pallarés, Francesc; Keating, Michael (2006), "Multi-level electoral competition: sub-state elections and party systems in Spain", Devolution and electoral politics, Manchester University Press
- ^ Schrijver, Frans (2006), Regionalism after Regionalisation, Vossiuspers, Amsterdam University Press, p. 112
- ^ Valandro, Franz (2002), A Nation of Nations: Nationalities' Policies in Spain, Peter Lang, p. 83
- ^ Gibbons, John (1999), Spanish politics today, Manchester University Press, p. 51
- ^ McNeill, Donald (1999), Urban Change and the European Left: Tales from the New Barcelona, Routledge, pp. 92, 184
- ^ Paluzie, Elisenda (2010), "The costs and benefits of staying together: the Catalan case in Spain", The Political Economy of Inter-Regional Fiscal Flows: Measurement, Determinants and Effects on Country Stability, Edward Elgar Publishing, p. 366
- ^ Wiarda, Howard J.; Macleish Mot, Margaret (2001), Catholic Roots and Democratic Flowers: Political Systems in Spain and Portugal, Greenwood, p. 138
- ISBN 9780415267908. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
- ^ Znojek, Bartłomiej (18 November 2011). "Parliamentary Elections in Spain". PISM Bulletin. 104 (321). The Polish Institute of International Affairs. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
- ^ "Spain: Political structure". The Economist. 17 July 2009. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
- ^ Connor, Richard (29 November 2011). "Catalan election result deals blow to embattled Spanish government". DW World. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
- ^ [12][13][14][15]
- ^ Sturcke, James (7 June 2006). "Catalan conundrum". The Guardian. London.
- ISBN 978-0-7190-7330-4.
- ^ Barcelona, FIDEL MASREAL / (19 August 2013). "Unió ya piensa en una candidatura al margen de CDC". elperiodico.
- ^ "Convergència enterra la federació: "El projecte polític de CiU s'ha acabat i cal una separació amistosa"". Ara.cat. 18 June 2015.
- ^ "Felip Puig: "La independencia de Catalunya sólo será posible a través de CiU"". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 27 August 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
- ^ "El último deseo de Felip Puig es la independencia". e-notícies (in Spanish). 5 August 2009. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
- ^ "El mejor instrumento para conseguir tranquila, pacífica y rigurosamente [la independencia de Cataluña] se llama CiU". La Voz de Barcelona (in Spanish). 27 August 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
- ^ "Oriol Pujol aclareix que CiU no és independentista". Vilaweb.cat (in Catalan). 19 July 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
- ^ tripartitwatch (9 November 2007). David Madí, democràcia a sang freda (YouTube) (in Catalan). Archived from the original on 18 August 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
- ^ Cot, Salvador (8 September 2010). "Nació Digital: Àngel Colom: "La via més curta cap a la independència és CiU"". Naciodigital.cat (in Catalan). Retrieved 23 December 2012.
- ^ "Artur Mas: Votaría sí en un referéndum sobre la independencia de Cataluña". Lavozlibre.com (in Spanish). 11 November 2010. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
- ^ "Nació Digital: Vila d'Abadal: "El nostre país tornarà a ser lliure"". Naciodigital.cat (in Catalan). 13 December 2009. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
- ^ "Els crítics d'Unió aposten per la independència i es distancien de Duran i Lleida" (in Catalan). 9 October 2008. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2010.
- ^ Mulligan, Mark (28 November 2010). "Catalan centre-right retakes political control". Financial Times Newspaper, London Nov 28, 22:00h. Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2010.
- ^ Fotheringham, Alasdair (25 November 2012). "Nationalists triumph in Catalan elections". The Independent, London Nov 25, 22:00h. The Independent. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
Bibliography
- Dowling, Andrew (2005). "Convergència i Unió, Catalonia and the new Catalanism". The Politics of Contemporary Spain. Rotledge. pp. 106–120.