Cornelius Cruys
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (April 2018) |
Cornelius Cruys | |
---|---|
Birth name | Niels Olsen Creutz |
Born | Stavanger, Denmark–Norway | 14 June 1655
Died | 14 June 1727 Saint Petersburg, Russia | (aged 72)
Buried | |
Allegiance |
|
Branch | |
Service years | 1696–1727 |
Rank | Admiral |
Wars | Great Northern War |
Spouse(s) |
Catharina Voogt (m. 1681) |
Cornelius Cruys (
Early life and career
He was born Niels Olufsen in Stavanger, Norway, in 1655. His parents were Oluf Gudfastesen and Apelone Nielsdatter Koch. It is uncertain when Niels Olufsen (Dutch: Cornelis Roelofsz) emigrated to the Dutch Republic and changed his name to Cornelis Cruys ("Kornelius Krøys" or "Cornelis Cruijs"). However, according to several municipal sources, Cruys lived in Amsterdam for at least eighteen years before he joined the Russian Navy.[1]
The first known record about Cruys was produced by the local administration of Amsterdam in 1681. That year he married the nineteen-year-old Catharina Voogt. She was born in Amsterdam and was the daughter of Claas Pieterszoon Voogt, a Dutch captain of a merchantman, and Jannetje Jans. In the civil registration of his marriage, Cruys was called a sailor from Amsterdam, 24 years old, an orphan. In December of that year, about seven months after his marriage, Cruys was officially registered as a citizen or poorter of Amsterdam.[2]
In 1680 Cruys became the captain of a Dutch merchantman. Until 1696, he sailed to Portugal, Spain, and the
Service in Russia
In 1697, Russian Tsar
During his stay in the Dutch Republic, the tsar engaged, with the help of Russian and Dutch assistants, many skilled workers such as builders of locks, fortresses, shipwrights and seamen. They had to help him with his modernization of Russia. The best-known sailor who made the journey from the Netherlands to Russia was Cornelius Cruys. Cruys accepted the tsar's generous offer to enter into his service as vice-admiral. He emigrated to Russia in 1698 and became the tsar's most important adviser in maritime affairs.[citation needed]
Cruys performed well in Russia and came to be regarded as the architect of the
In 1711, he made the first maps of
The historic Kotomin House at Nevsky Prospect, built from 1812 to 1815, was constructed on the site of the former residence of Cornelius Cruys.[5]
Notes
- ^ or Kornely, Korneliy
Footnotes
- ^ Magne Njåstad. "Cornelius Cruys". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
- ^ "Cornelis Cruijs (1655–1727)". amsterdam.no. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
- ^ Marc A. van Alphen. "Cornelis Cruys In The Netherlands". amsterdam.no. Retrieved 1 January 2019.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Torgrim Titlestad. "Cornelius Cruys". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
- ^ S. V. Boglachev. "House of Kotomin". encspb.ru. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
Bibliography
- Aase, Roy Lauritz (1997) Admiral Cornelius Cruys: sjøhelten fra Stavanger (Erling Skjalgssonselskapet) ISBN 8291640033
- Koningsbrugge, Hans van ed. (2009) Life and deeds of Admiral Cornelius Cruys (Groningen: Nederlands-Russisch Archiefcentrum) ISBN 978-90-77089-05-7
- Titlestad, Torgrim (1999) Tsarens admiral: Cornelius Cruys i Peter den stores tjeneste (Erling Skjalgssonselskapet) ISBN 978-8291640075