Counts and dukes of Penthièvre

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In the 11th and 12th centuries the Countship of Penthièvre (

Eudes in 1035, and his descendants formed a cadet branch
of the ducal house.

The geographical region of Brittany that constituted the holdings of Penthièvre correlate closely with the territories that constituted the early Breton kingdom of Domnonée.

The history of the title Count of Penthièvre included frequent dispossessions and restorations. Henri d'Avaugour, heir of this family, was dispossessed of the countship in 1235. The

Breton War of Succession the title was dispossessed twice by the reigning Dukes of Brittany, once by John V and another time by Francis II
.

Disputed heirs to the Ducal Crown of Brittany

In 1337

Charles de Châtillon, Count of Blois.[1] Joan was the daughter of Guy de Penthièvre, the younger full brother of John III
.

When John III died a dispute emerged regarding the inheritance of the Duchy of Brittany. John III had tried to prevent the inheritance of the duchy by his half brother John of Montfort. Joan and Charles claimed the ducal crown and were subsequently proclaimed the Duchess and Duke of Brittany, which John of Montfort also claimed. Their dispute prompted the War of the Breton Succession. In 1352, during that war, the Estates of Brittany were established. In 1364, Charles died and John IV, Duke of Brittany, John of Montfort's son, was confirmed as duke. Joan was permitted to keep Penthièvre and use the title Duchess of Brittany until her death.

Under the Treaty of Guerande (1365), Joan recognized John IV as the undisputed duke. When John went into exile in England in 1373,

lieutenant-general
of Brittany. Louis was also a son-in-law of Joan de Penthièvre. Under the Second Treaty of Guerande (1381), it was agreed that, in the event the House of Montfort failed to produce a male heir, the senior male heir of Joan would be recognized as duke.

Joan died in 1384 and left Penthièvre to her oldest son, John (1340–1404). In turn, John left the county to his son, Olivier, Count of Penthièvre (1389–1433), who forfeited the title in 1421 after kidnapping and attempting to blackmail John V, Duke of Brittany.

Olivier's brother John II (1393–1454) recovered the county but died childless, passing his titles on to Nicole (1424–1480), daughter of his brother Charles, Lord of Avaugour (1396–1434).

In 1437, Nicole married

Anne, Duchess of Brittany
, who ultimately ascended to the title.

As Dukes of Penthièvre

The countship of Penthièvre was restored to Sébastien de Luxembourg, heir of the Brosse family through his mother, Charlotte de Brosse (1506-1540), great-granddaughter of Nicole de Blois through her son Jean (d. 1502) and grandson Rene (1470-1524). The countship was erected for him into a duchy in the peerage of France in 1569.[1] Afterwards it was held by Sebastian's daughter, Marie de Luxembourg, (1562-1623), who also became Duchess of Mercœur by marriage.

Françoise de Lorraine-Mercœur
the duchy of Penthièvre.

Later dukes from various houses

The Duchess of Vendôme's grandson,

Louis de Bourbon, bore the title Duke de Penthièvre. This title passed by inheritance to the House of Orléans.[1]

Counts of Penthièvre

House de Rennes

  • Eudes (1035–1079), son of Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
  • Geoffrey I (1079–1093), son of Eudes
  • Stephen I (1093–1125), son of Eudes, brother of Geoffrey I
  • Geoffrey II (1125–1148), son of Stephen I
  • Rivallo (1148–1162), son of Geoffrey II
  • Stephen II (1162–1164), son of Rivallo
  • Geoffrey III (1164–1177), son of Geoffrey II, brother of Stephen II
  • Alan I (1177–1212), cousin of Geoffrey III, grandson of Stephen I through his son Henry, called Henry I
  • Henry II of Avagour (1212–1230), son of Alan I, was dispossessed of Penthièvre by Peter I, Duke of Brittany, who gave it to his daughter Yolande on her marriage to Hugh XI of Lusignan

Lords of Avaugour

  • Alan II (1230–1267), son of Henry II
  • Henry III (1267–1301), son of Alan II
  • Henry IV (1301–1334), son of Henry III
  • Joan
    (1334–1384), granddaughter of Henry IV

Capetian House of Dreux

  • Robert II of Dreux
  • Yolande (1237-1272), daughter of Peter
  • John I (1272–1286), son of Peter
  • John II (1286–1305), son of John I
  • Arthur II (1305–1312), son of John II
  • Guy (1312–1331), son of Arthur II
  • Breton War of Succession
    , but retained the county with all rights under the Treaty of Guerande of 1365

House of Blois-Châtillon

  • John I (1384–1404), son of Joan; his widow would join in attempting the abduction and imprisonment of the duke of Brittany, only to be imprisoned herself by the duchess.
  • Olivier (1404–1433), son of John - lost the countship and the rights of Penthièvre to the duke of Brittany after attempting his imprisonment and presumed overthrow in 1420.
  • John II (1433–1454), second son of John - some aspects of Penthièvre were restored.
  • Nicole (1454–1479), granddaughter of John through his third son, Charles. She married Jean II de Brosse

House of Brosse

  • John (1454–1482), husband of Nicole, Count of Penthièvre jure uxoris
  • John III (1482–1502), son of John V and Nicole
  • René (1502–1524), son of John VI
  • John IV (1524–1566), son of René

Dukes of Penthièvre

House of Luxembourg

  • Sebastian
    (1566–1569), nephew of John VII. Sebastian was son of Charlotte de Brosse, daughter of René.
  • Marie (1569–1623), daughter of Sebastian, married Philippe Emmanuel de Lorraine.

House of Lorraine

House of Bourbon-Vendôme

House of Bourbon-Penthièvre

  • Louis XIV of France
  • Louis de Bourbon
    (1737–1793), son of Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Count of Toulouse

House of Orléans

Second Restoration

  • Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans
    (the future King of the French)

July Monarchy

  • François d'Orléans, prince de Joinville

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Penthièvre, Counts of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 124.
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