Counts of Lenzburg

Counts of Lenzburg
Counts of Lenzburg
Country	Aargau, Switzerland
Founded	11th century
Founder	Ulrich I
Final ruler	Ulrich IV
Titles	Count
Deposition	1173

The Counts of Lenzburg (also Counts of Baden by the early 12th century) were a comital family in the

Zürichgau

.

After the extinction of their male line in 1173, their lands were distributed between the houses of

Kyburg, Zähringen and Hohenstaufen

. Subsequent

formation of the Old Swiss Confederacy

in the late 13th century.

History

The Lenzburg family was first mentioned in 1077

vogt over Schänis Abbey. Through this line, Ulrich (died 972) is usually considered the first member of the Lenzburg family.^[2]

The Lenzburgs were related to several other noble houses including the Counts of

Zurich, the Grossmünster and Fraumünster, and their lands in Uri

.

When Ulrich II supported Emperor Henry IV during the Investiture Controversy he was granted the Zürichgau or lands around Zürich. His brother Arnold I, became Count of the Frickgau in 1064 and vogt over Säckingen Abbey in 1073. When he died childless, those lands and titles came to the main Lenzburg line. Rudolf, the son of Ulrich II, ruled over the County of Aargau and lands in Unterwalden, Uri and Schwyz. In 1125 he became the vogt over Rheinau Abbey. His brother Arnold II held the imperial vogtei of Zurich and the county of Zürichgau.

In the early 12th century the Lenzburg lands were divided. The sons of Arnold II (died 1172) started calling themselves the "Counts of Baden". They held Stein Castle in Baden together with Baldern Castle on the Albis ridge overlooking Zürich, and held the eastern part of the Lenzburg lands. The sons of Rudolf called themselves the Counts of Lenzburg. Rudolf's son Ulrich IV was a close friend of Frederick Barbarossa and after Ulrich's death he bequeathed the Lenzburg lands to Barbarossa. While there were numerous male Lenzburgs, both lines ended when Ulrich IV died.^[2]

After the extinction of the Counts of Lenzburg, the Lenzburg lands eventually became part of the Habsburg lands. Expanding from these formerly Lenzburg lands into central Switzerland brought the Habsburgs into conflict with the

Old Swiss Confederation

.

Ulrich I (the rich)

The next time a member of the family is mentioned is in 1036 when the son of Arnold, Ulrich I (also known as the rich) had the authority over the

Bishop of Geneva 1020/30, both belonged to the Imperial Episcopate.^[4]

Henry

Henry the son of Ulrich I was first mentioned in 1036 as the dean of Beromünster. He became the Bishop of Lausanne and was sent as the chief ambassador of the Kingdom of Burgundy to the funeral of Emperor Conrad II in 1039. He received the pallium from Pope Leo IX when the Pope traveled through the Diocese of Lausanne in September and October 1050. He died on 16 January 1051 or 1056.^[5]

Ulrich II

Ulrich II was the grandson of Ulrich I (the rich) and nephew of Bishop Henry of Lausanne. He was the Count of Aargau and Frickgau and vogt of Beromünster, Zurich and Säckingen. He married Richenza of Habsburg (died on 27 May in some year around 1100). During the Investiture Controversy, he was a supporter of Emperor Henry IV. In 1077 he arrested the Papal legate Abbot Bernard of Marseilles,^[6] who had supported the election of the anti-king Rudolf of Rheinfelden, and fought Rudolf's forces. As a reward, the victorious Emperor, granted him the Zürichgau (lands around Zürich).^[6] His death date is unknown, but was after 1077. His sons Ulrich III, Rudolf I and Arnold II followed him as counts and also acquired the vogtei over Rheinau.^[7]

Ulrich IV

Ulrich IV was first mentioned in 1125. He was the son of Rudolf I of Lenzburg and Count of Aargau. Ulrich remained a supporter of the Emperor and in 1136/37 he took part in Emperor Lothar III's Italian campaign. About ten years later in 1147–49, he joined the Second Crusade as a close confidant of King Conrad III. He joined the court of Frederick Barbarossa in 1152 and was permanently at court for ten years. When he died without an heir on 5 January 1173, he bequeathed his lands to Frederick Barbarossa. The Emperor gave some of the lands to Albert III of Habsburg in 1173 and the rest to his son Otto of Burgundy in 1188. Otto added the title Count of Lenzburg to his titles.^[8]

Coat of arms

There were several versions of the Lenzburg coat of arms.

The Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie states that it was

eine mit zwei zinnengekrönten Eckthürmen besetzte Mauer; im Eckthurme rechts drei Bogenfenster (1 über 2); im Thurm links ein Bogenfenster; unter demselben in der Mauer eine nach links auswärts geöffnet stehende Bogenthüre. Tinkturen: Blau in Silber. Helmzierde: ein von Silber und Roth (Blau?) gewecktes Kissen.^[9]

or

two crenelated towers flanking a wall. The right-hand corner tower had three arched windows (1 over 2); the left one arched window. Below the left corner tower there is a round topped door that opens to the left. Color: silver on a blue field. The helmet is silver with red or blue mantling.

Another version was discovered on a gravestone in Muri in 1674, which had a castle flanked by two crenelated towers, but each tower had only one round topped window and in the center was a round topped door.^[10]