Cro-Magnon rock shelter

Coordinates: 44°56′25″N 01°00′35″E / 44.94028°N 1.00972°E / 44.94028; 1.00972
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Cro-Magnon rock shelter
Abri de Cro-Magnon
Cro-Magnons
Site notes
Excavation dates1868+
ArchaeologistsLouis Lartet
Public accessYes
WebsiteOfficial website
TypeCultural
Criteriai, iii
Designated1979 (3rd session)
Part ofPrehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley
Reference no.85

Cro-Magnon (/kroʊˈmænjən/ ⓘ, US: /-ˈmæɡnən/; French: Abri de Cro-Magnon French pronunciation: [kʁomaɲɔ̃])[note 1][2][3] is an Aurignacian (Upper Paleolithic) site, located in a rock shelter at Les Eyzies, a hamlet in the commune of Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil, Dordogne, southwestern France.[4]

Most notably, it is the site of the discovery of

World Heritage List as part of the Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley site.[6]

Human remains

Cro-Magnon 1 (Musée de l'Homme, Paris)
Two views of Cro-Magnon 2 (1875)[7]

In 1868, workmen found animal bones, flint tools, and human skulls in the rock shelter. French geologist Louis Lartet was called for excavations, and found the partial skeletons of four prehistoric adults and one infant, along with perforated shells used as ornaments, an object made from ivory, and worked reindeer antler.

These "Cro-Magnon men" were identified as the prehistoric human species of Europe, as distinct from

Jebel Qafzeh remains in Israel and various Paleo-Indians in the Americas.[8]

Cro-Magnon 1 consists of a skull and partial skeletal remains belonging to a male individual, approximately 40 years old.

anatomically modern human's cranial cavity is 1,200 to 1,700 cubic centimetres (73 to 104 cu in).[11]

Cro-Magnon 2 is a partially preserved female skull with marked facial similarities to Mladeč 2.[12]

Cro-Magnon 3 is a partial skull of a male adult.

The remains are thought to represent adults who died at an advanced age, who were placed at the site, along with pieces of shell and animal teeth in what appear to have been pendants or necklaces, in an apparent intentional burial. The presence of necklaces and tools suggests the concept of grave goods.[13]

Analysis of the

cheek bones.[14]

Compared to Neanderthals, the skeletons showed the same high forehead, upright posture and slender (gracile) skeleton as modern humans. The other specimens from the site are a female, Cro-Magnon 2, and male remains, Cro-Magnon 3.

See also

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ French abri means "rock shelter", crô means "hole" in Occitan (standard French creux), and Magnon is the surname of the land owner at the time.

References

  1. ^ Google Maps Elevation Finder
  2. ^ "Cros". Retrieved 2014-08-15.
  3. ^ "The Cro-Magnon Shelter". Retrieved 2014-08-15.
  4. ^ (in French) Prehisto-France[permanent dead link]
  5. ^ Cro-Magnon 1: 27,680 ± 270 BP "Evolution: Humans: Origins of Humankind". Pbs.org. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
  6. ^ "Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézère Valley". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  7. ^ Edouard Lartet and Henry Christy; edited by Thomas Rupert Jones. Reliquiæ aquitanicæ : being contributions to the archæology and palæontology of Périgord and the adjoining provinces of southern France (1875), Plate V: Female Cro-Magnon skull in two views.
  8. OCLC 34148636
    .
  9. ^ (in French) Abri Cro-Magnon - Hominidés.com
  10. ^ "Cro-Magnon 1". Archived from the original on July 7, 2006. Retrieved 14 July 2006.
  11. ^ Turchin VF. The Phenomenon of Science. Chapter 5. Retrieved April 17, 2011.
  12. ^ Maria Teschler-Nicola, Early Modern Humans at the Moravian Gate: The Mladec Caves and their Remains (2007), p.318.
  13. ^ a b "Human Evolution by The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program". Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on July 7, 2006.
  14. PMID 29619955
    .

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cro-Magnon site.
  • Cro-Magnon 1: Smithsonian Institution – The Human Origins Program
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