Cynodontinae
| Cynodontinae Temporal range: Miocene - Present
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Hydrolycus sp. | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Characiformes |
| Family: | Cynodontidae |
| Subfamily: | Cynodontinae Eigenmann, 1907 |
| Genera | |
|
Cynodon | |
Cynodontinae is a
food fish, but are important in subsistence and commercial fisheries.[2] Hydrolycus are game fish, having been recently added to the International Game Fish Association in the fly and rod class. Cynodontid fish are also sometimes housed in aquaria.[3]
Taxonomy
This
Rhaphiodon and Cynodon are sister groups to each other; these two genera together have a sister group relationship to the genus Hydrolycus.[2]
Distribution and habitat
Cynodontinae species are found throughout the
Guianas. Of the cynodontines, R. vulpinus has the greatest distribution, including the Paraná-Paraguay River and Uruguay River basins.[2] Fossil teeth have been found in the Magdalena River basin and Salta, Argentina, where cynodontines are not currently found.[2]
These fish live in mid- to surface-water levels in rivers, flooded forests, and lakes.[2]
Appearance and anatomy
Cynodontines are distinguished by their oblique mouth and highly developed pair of
dentary canine teeth. These fish can get relatively large; Hydrolycus species can reach 117 cm (46 in).[4]
Species
Hydrolycus species here are ordered based on their relationships from the most
apomorphic based on sister group relationships when possible.[2] Descriptions and dates based on ITIS.[5]
Rhaphiodon Agassiz in Spix and Agassiz, 1829
- Rhaphiodon vulpinusAgassiz in Spix and Agassiz, 1829 (biara)
Cynodon Agassiz, 1829
- Cynodon gibbus (Agassiz, 1829)
- Cynodon meionactis Géry, Le Bail and Keith, 1999
- Cynodon septenarius Toledo-Piza, 2000
Hydrolycus Müller and Troschel, 1844
- Hydrolycus wallacei Toledo-Piza, Menezes and dos Santos, 1999
- Hydrolycus scomberoides(Cuvier, 1819) (payara)
- Hydrolycus armatus (Jardine and Schomburgk in Schomburgk, 1841) (payara)
- Hydrolycus tatauaia Toledo-Piza, Menezes and dos Santos, 1999
References
- ISBN 978-0691170749.
- ^ S2CID 86142314.
- ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2007). "Cynodontidae" in FishBase. May 2007 version.
- ^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2013). Species of Hydrolycus in FishBase. March 2013 version.
- ^ "Cynodontinae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved May 13, 2007.