Darkhad dialect
| Darkhat | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Mongolia |
| Region | north Mongolia |
| Ethnicity | Darkhads |
Native speakers | 24,000 (2016)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | drh removed and merged into Khalkha Mongolian (khk) |
| Glottolog | dark1243 |
| ELP | Darkhat |
| IETF | khk-u-sd-mn041 |
Darkhad (also "Darkhat") is a dialect in-between
Phonetics and phonology
In contrast to Oirat, it has /o/ and /u/ and a
Verbal system
Middle Mongolian) next to /-wa̯l/. Furthermore, it used to be possible to negative them with reflexes of ⟨ügei⟩ as in Buryat. Instead of ⟨-maγča⟩ ‘as soon as’, ⟨-nsar⟩ is used.[18]
Nominal system
The
in the 1930s and still holds for Oirat).References
Citations
- ^ a b Mongolian, Halh at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Sanjaa and Tuyaa 2001: 33-34
- ^ as Tuyaa and Tuul 2008: 5 can be understood
- ^ e.g. Svantesson et al. 2005: 142.
- ^ Gáspár 2006: 25 based on own field research and Sanžeev 1931
- ^ Sanžaa and Tujaa 2001: 33
- ^ Rinchen 1979: 176-177, 179, 197, 202, phoneme analysis according to Svantesson et al. 2005.
- ^ Gáspár 2006: 16-17, 19
- ^ Gáspár 2006: 13-20
- ^ Gáspár 2006: 22-23
- ^ Non-initial *i has disappeared from the phonemic representation (Gáspár 2006: 11), but as Gáspár doesn't ask the question.
- ^ Rinchen 1979: 231-234; instead of [ŋ], an underlined "n" is used which is cryptically explained as a "nasalized n", but is used on 185 and 189 to mark the well-known word-final /ŋ/ in such words as ⟨šaltgaan⟩ ([ɴ]) and ⟨hövüün⟩ ([ŋ]; cp. Svantesson et al. 2005: 18)
- ^ Rinchen 1979: 222-223, for a counterexample see 225
- ^ Sanžaa and Tujaa 2001
- ^ From the material cited in this article, it is impossible to say whether Darkhad differentiates between voicedness or aspiratedness. It is not even possible to make a reasonable guess as Khalkha, Oirat and Buryat seem to differ from each other in this respect. As the transcription quoted is neither strictly phonemic nor phonetic, it is also impossible to know whether /l, ɡ, x/ or rather /ɮ, ɢ, χ/
- ^ Gáspár 2006: 27-31
- ^ Gáspár 2006: 31-36
- ^ Gáspár 2006: 36-39
- ^ Gáspar 2006: 40-42
- ^ Gáspar 2006: 44-45
- ^ Poppe 1951: 71
Bibliography
- Gáspár, Csaba. 2006. Darkhat. München: Lincom.
- Poppe, Nicholas. 1951. Khalkha-mongolische Grammatik. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner.
- Rinchen, Byambyn (ed.) 1979. Mongol ard ulsyn ugsaatny sudlal helnij shinjleliin atlas. Ulaanbaatar: ŠUA.
- Sanjaa, J. and D. Tuyaa. 2001. Darhad ayalguuny urt egshgiig avialbaryn tövshind sudalsan n’. In: Mongol hel shinjlel 4: 33-50.
- Sanžeev, G. D. 1931. Darhatskij govor i fol’klor. Leningrad.
- Svantesson, Jan-Olof, Anna Tsendina, Anastasia Karlsson, Vivan Franzén. 2005. The Phonology of Mongolian. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Tuyaa, D. and D. Tuul. 2008. Darhad aman ayalguuny tovch tol'. Ulaanbaatar: Ulaanbaatar hevlel.
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Darkhat". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.