Dora Gordine
Dora Gordine | |
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Royal British Society of Sculptors (FRBS), Society of Portrait Sculptors |
Dora Gordine (8 June 1895 – 29 December 1991) was an Estonian Jewish Modernist figurative and portraitist sculptor. Her early career was influenced by the Noor Eesti (‘Young Estonia’) group of artists who favoured Art Nouveau. She moved to Paris and on her third marriage, to Hon. Richard Hare (1907–66), her career expanded to the extent that some critics regarded her as amongst the finest sculptors of her generation.[2] She specialized in portrait sculptures attracting international admirers from the political, social, artistic, literary and theatrical worlds. Her legacy also includes a number of public space pieces. Her latter career was not as prolific or as fêted and Gordine was relatively unknown at the time of her death. Major exhibitions in London in 2006 and 2009 have revived her standing and her former home is now a museum.[3]
Early life
Dora Gordine's childhood has not been well documented. There is confusion over her date of birth with various dates 1895 (likely), 1898 and 1906 mentioned. She was the youngest of four children born to Morduch ("Mark") Gordin and Emma Ester Schepshelewitch, both Russian Jews, in Liepāja, Latvia, at a time when it was still part of the Russian Empire. Two of her siblings, Nikolai and Anna, died at the hands of the Nazis in Tallinn, Estonia in 1941. Another brother, Leopold, moved to London, where he lived until his death. The Gordin family evidently belonged to a comfortable middle class. There was money available to pay Gordine's elder brother, Leopold, to study engineering at Edinburgh University. Later, it seems that Gordine's father was also prepared to pay for Gordine's elder sister, Anna, to study at one of Tallinn's leading art schools.[4][5]
By 1912 the Gordin family had moved to
In 1925 she worked as a painter on a mural for the British Pavilion at the
Marriage
After a brief marriage to a Wladimir Rolow in Estonia,
Career
Her husband introduced her to London society figures, many of whom sat for her, Dame
Each portrait head had its own patina according to Gordine's vision of her sitter. When interviewed by the BBC in 1972 Gordine commented that, "when you do portrait busts of somebody you do their noses and mouth – but it is nothing. You have to imagine what they are like inside and bring out their inner feeling and then put it in a form".[16]
At the outbreak of
In 1948 she was commissioned to produce a sculpture to stand in the new mother and baby unit at Holloway Prison in north London, paid for by the City financier and former suffragette Gordon Holmes.[21] Happy Baby was largely forgotten by 2009, languishing in an administration block at the prison for many years. Now regarded as an important piece in 'La Gordine's' professional history it formed the centre piece of an exhibition of her work at Kingston University in February–March 2009.[22] Her work was also part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics.[23]
In 1960 Esso commissioned a 2.1 m x 1.5 m (7' x 5') low-relief Power for their new Milford Haven Refinery, which was unveiled by the Duke of Edinburgh. Gordine's last public commission, the 2-5 m (8') long Mother and Child was made for the entrance hall of the Royal Marsden Hospital, Surrey, in 1963.[24]
Widowhood and death
Her husband's sudden death in 1966 from a heart attack left Gordine to live out her life alone in Dorich House. She had no children. As Gordine's client base became smaller and health problems undermined her ability to work to the standard she had during the 1920s, her eyesight deteriorated and she had arthritis in her shoulders and arms causing her career to end in the 1970s.[25] She had a great interest in her garden and, in particular, herbs and plants used for medicinal purposes, such as Tansy. Adrian Howes and Robert Ruthven were her part-time gardeners for nearly two years in the mid-seventies. She often invited the members of the Royal Ballet School to Dorich house to pose for her. She died in Dorich House in December 1991, aged around 96.
In subsequent years her work was to be revived by major exhibitions in London in 2006 at the
Dorich House
Dorich House was designed by Gordine and completed in 1936. The name chosen for the house was a
Major exhibitions
- Salon de Tuileries, Paris (1926, 1933)
- Leicester Galleries, London (1928, 1933, 1938, 1945, 1949)
- Royal Academy of Arts (1937–1941, 1944–1950, 1952–1960)
- Battersea Park Arts Council (1948)
- Fine Art Society, London (1986)
- Jewish Museum London (2006)
- Kingston University, London (2009)
References
- OCLC 1290782158.
- ^ In May 1925 Dora exhibited a Bronze (503) at the Salon Nationale (closed at the end of August 1925). "She gave her birthplace as 'Libau', her nationality as 'Esthoniene'..." Dora Gordine Archived 22 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine Estonian Jewish Museum.
- ^ "History". Dorich House Museum. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
- ^ Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th edition, Gordin Family Document Archive, 2001.
- ^ L. Gordin, application to the Home Secretary for British citizenship, 18 February 1930, HO 144/12019, NAKG.
- ^ Lauer, M. (2002). History of Estonia. pp. 186–187.
- ^ In November 1928 printmaker Diana White asked Esther Pissarro (wife of the painter Lucien), who was Jewish by birth, 'Dora Gordine...is she Jewess? Some of her work...made me think she was...' D. White to E. Pissarro, 2 November 1928, Pissarro Papers, Department of Western Art, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford University [AMO]
- ^ A. Mackenzie to F. Pearson, 14 February 1994, Archives, Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh.
- ^ Kwok Kian Chow. Channels & Confluences: A History of Singapore Art. Singapore: National Heritage Board/Singapore Art Museum, 1996.
- ^ Walker, Lynne. "Golden Age or False Dawn? Women Architects in the Early 20th century" (PDF). Historic England. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
- ^ The Times, 29 April 1925, p. 15.
- OCLC 1290782158.
- ^ In 1931 the working class comprised 78% of the British population. Twenty years later this had fallen to 72% though this still constituted of 36 million people. Hennessy P. Having It So Good: Britain in the Fifties (London: Penguin, 2006), p. 65.
- ^ "Chinese Head (Kwa Nin/Chinese Lady of Peace)", Art UK.
- ISBN 0-85667-644-6.
- ^ 1972 BBC interview subsequently partly repeated in February 2009 on BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour.
- ^ D. Gordine to Sir S. Cockerell, 7 October 1945, Cockerell Papers, BL, London.
- ^ The Times, 6 November 1945, p. 6.
- ISBN 1-85437-311-0.
- ISBN 0-85667-644-6.
- ^ "London Letter: Art in Holloway". Birmingham Daily Gazette. 27 October 1949. p. 4.
- ^ Kingston University Press Office: "Jailbreak Baby Goes On the Run from Holloway".
- ^ "Dora Gordine". Olympedia. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
- ^ Professor R. Y. Goodden to J. Samson, 5 May 1960, Archives, DHM.
- ^ H. Balfour, "Dora Gordine", The Independent, 7 January 1992, p. 11.
- ISBN 978-0714878775.
- ^ "History". Dorich House Museum. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
External links
- Ben Uri Gallery, London Jewish Museum of Art
- Dora Gordine on the University Scholars Programme Project, National University of Singapore
- Dorich House Museum
- "Jailbreak baby goes on the run from Holloway" Kingston University website
- Blakesley, Rosalind P., “Dorich House,” Country Life Volume, no. 30 (Aug 4, 2005): p 58–63.
- Figes, Lydia. "The Enchanting Work of Dora Gordine". Art UK, July 1, 2019