Drone metal
Drone metal | |
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Other names |
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Stylistic origins | |
Cultural origins | Early 1990s, Washington, U.S. |
Other topics | |
Drone metal or drone doom
Characteristics
Typically, the electric guitar is performed with a large amount of reverb or audio feedback
History
Precursors
Early guitar-produced drone effects go as far back as the krautrock (for example Cluster II by Cluster, 1972) and early noise rock / industrial music era (Metal Machine Music by Lou Reed, 1975; Stahlwerksynfonie by Die Krupps, 1981).
1990s
Drone metal was first established by
2000s
Nadja (Toronto), Locrian[9] (US), Jesu (UK), Black Boned Angel (Wellington, New Zealand), Khanate (New York City), Ocean (Portland, Maine), Growing[10] (New York City), KTL (Washington/London), Ascend[11] and Eagle Twin (US),[12] Teeth of Lions Rule the Divine (Nottingham, England), Conan (Liverpool, England) and Moss (Southampton, England) are prominent drone metal groups that formed in the early 21st century.[2] Noise musicians, such as Kevin Drumm and Oren Ambarchi, have also worked in the style.[13] Rhys Chatham's Essentialist project is a contribution to drone metal by an elder composer,[6] attempting to "arrive at an a priori essence of heavy metal, reducing it to a basic chord progression".[14]
Connections with other art forms
Stephen O'Malley from Sunn O))) collaborated on an installation with artist Banks Violette, who has likened drone metal to the work of Donald Judd.[3] Tumlir locates a precedent in Robert Rauschenberg.[4] Violette points out, however, that drone metal is "as much a physiological phenomenon as an acoustic one",[3] with an attendant physicality. O'Malley has also mentioned an appreciation for Cormac McCarthy and Richard Serra.[1] Rhys Chatham's Essentialist included projections by Robert Longo.[6] Jim Jarmusch's 2009 film The Limits of Control features music by a number of drone metal groups.[15] Jarmusch said, "I love these kind of visual landscapes they make, and they really inspired things for me for my film ..., because when I write I'm listening to things that inspire me in the direction of whatever world I'm imagining. Boris and Sunn O))) and Earth were really instrumental in me just finding a place in my head."[16]
See also
- Doom metal
- Japanoise
- Noise rock
- Sludge metal
- Stoner metal
References
- ^ a b Brandon Stosuy, "Heavy Metal: It's Alive and Flourishing", Slate, August 19, 2005. [1] Access date: August 22, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e Pattison, Louis (February 17, 2015). "Heavy, Heavier, Heaviest: A Beginner's Guide To Doom-Drone". Boiler Room. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j John Wray, "Heady Metal", New York Times, May 28, 2006. [2] Access date: August 18, 2008.
- ^ a b c d Jan Tumlir, "Primal dirge", Artforum, April 2006. [3] Access date: August 22, 2008.
- ^ Jon Caramanica, "The Alchemy of Art World Heavy Metal". International Herald Tribune, September 20, 2005. [4] Access date: August 25, 2008.
- ^ a b c Steve Smith, "Where Classic Avant-Garde Gets a Hint of Heavy Metal", New York Times, September 13, 2006. [5] Access date: August 28, 2008.
- ^ Jason Jackowiak, Splendid, September 14, 2005. "Splendid Magazine reviews Earth: Hex: Or Printing in the Infernal Method". Archived from the original on September 27, 2008. Retrieved September 15, 2008. Access date: August 23, 2008.
- ^ Spall, Oliver (December 10, 2007). "Sunn O))) and Boris present Altar". Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2008.
- ^ Stosuy, Brandon (July 31, 2015). "Locrian's Ode to Extinction". Pitchfork. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
- ^ James Parker, The Boston Phoenix, June 15, 2006. "The Phoenix > Music Features > Heavy-metal chill out". Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2008. Access date: August 22, 2008
- ^ Ample Fire Within review, "Soundcheck", The Wire, July 2008, p. 45.
- ^ Kim Kelly, "Choice Cuts", Terrorizer #189, October 2009, p. 22.
- ^ Joe Panzner, Sheer Hellish Miasma review, Stylus, September 1, 2003. "Kevin Drumm - Sheer Hellish Miasma - Review - Stylus Magazine". Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved August 23, 2008. Access date: August 23, 2008.
- ^ ,:.ELU OF THE NINE- Maurerische Trauermusik coming 2010.:
- ^ Breihan, Tom (March 11, 2009). "Boris, sunn O))), Earth Soundtrack Jim Jarmusch's The Limits of Control". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on February 14, 2012. Retrieved March 21, 2009.
- from the original on September 11, 2015.
Bibliography
- Coggins, Owen (2018). "Amplifier Worship: Materiality and Mysticism in Heavy Sound". Mysticism, Ritual, and Religion in Drone Metal. Bloomsbury Studies in Religion and Popular Music. ISBN 978-1-3500-2510-3.
- Coggins, Owen (June 2015). Walters, Barbara R. (ed.). "The Invocation at Tilburg: Mysticism, Implicit Religion, and Gravetemple's Drone Metal" (PDF). Implicit Religion: Journal for the Critical Study of Religion. 18 (2). (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved February 1, 2022.