Dukagjini family
Dukagjini Dukagjinët | |
---|---|
Noble family | |
Country | Medieval Albania |
Current region | Lezhë |
Founded | 14th century |
Founder | Gjin Tanushi (duca Ginium Tanuschium Albanensem)[1] |
Members | |
Cadet branches | |
Website | dukagjini |
The Dukagjini are an Albanian noble family which ruled over an area of Northern Albania and Western Kosovo known as the Principality of Dukagjini in the 14th and 15th centuries. They may have been descendants of the earlier Progoni family, who founded the first Albanian state in recorded history, the Principality of Arbanon.[2] The city of Lezhë was their most important holding.[3]
History
The Dukagjini evolved from an extended clan (farefisni) to a feudal family in the late 13th century, when their first known progenitor Gjin Tanushi who became known as a dux (duke) and thus his descendants took the surname Dukagjini. By the early 15th century, they had evolved in one of the most important feudal families in the country. After the Ottoman conquest of Albania, a branch of them found refuge and settled in Venetian Koper, where they became known as the Docaini family which held the governorship of Socerb Castle until the early 17th century, when the last male line Docaini died. Another branch, converted to Islam from Catholic Christianity and remained in the Ottoman Empire, where they reached the high ranks of Ottoman leadership and produced many governors (pashas) in the Middle East, where descendants of them live in the modern period.
Lekë Dukagjini is the best known member of the clan in Albania. He is remembered in oral tradition as the codifier of the best remembered Kanun (customary law) of Albania. Another Dukagjini is Yahya bey who was a famous diwan poet of the 16th century.
Name
The name Dukagjini is a compound of the personal name Gjin and the title duka (duke). The Dukagjini are descendants of an aristocrat named Gjin Tanushi who lived in the late 13th century. He is mentioned in 1281 in a letter of the captain of Angevine Durazzo as duca Ginium Tanuschium Albanensem.[1] The earlier family name of Gjin Tanush may be Progoni as he was likely a descendant of this family.[2] Archival documents of this era from Ragusa and Italy spell the name usually as Ducagini/Duchaginni. The Dukagjini who settled in Istria became known as the Ducaini or Docaini. In Ottoman Turkish, the Dukagjini became known as Dukaginzâde or Dukakinoğlu.
Origins
The Dukagjini family was part of an extended clan (
Gjin Tanushi is mentioned as an enemy of the
A person with the Dukagjini name was mentioned in a 1377 document in Dubrovnik, as Nicolaus Tuderovich Duchaghi.[9] It is not possible to connect this person as being a relative of any other member of the Dukagjini family.[10]
History
In the 15th century, sources appear for two separate branches of the Dukagjin family. The representative of one branch, Gjergj Dukagjini, appears as an owner of some villages near
According to the chronicle of
The Dukagjini remained neutral during the
The names of the other branches of Dukagjini's family are mentioned in a Ragusian document from 1387. The brothers Lekë and Paul Dukagjini are described as owners of Lezhë who secured a free pass to Ragusan merchants in their dominion.
Pal Dukagjini (died 1393) had five sons named Tanush (the Little), Progon, Pal (II), Andrea, and Gjon Dukagjini. Pal II Dukagjini was killed in 1402 in Dalmatia while he was returning from Venice; Progon died in 1394. In a later document, Tanush appears as an ally of Koja Zaharia and appears to have died somewhere before 1433. Andrea Dukagjini died in 1416, while his brother Gjon became a priest and appears to have died in 1446.
Lekë Dukagjini had two sons, Progon and Tanush (Major) Dukagjini, and one daughter, Boša, who was married to Koja Zaharia.[21] Progon Dukagjini married the girl of Karl Thopia and appears to have been killed in 1402 under Venetian service. Tanush (Major) Dukagjini moved into Shkodër with his family, composed of two sons Pal and Lekë Dukagjini and two girls, of whom we only know one's name, Kale. In 1438, Tanush (Major) Dukagjini was interned in Padua and is not mentioned again in the chronicles.[22]
His little son, Lekë Dukagjini (born in 1420), did not play a great political role and is mentioned for the last time in 1451, as an enemy of Venice. His other son Pal Dukagjini (1411–1458) participated in the League of Lezhë and was an ally of Skanderbeg. On 21 October 1454, Alphonso V of Naples informed Skanderbeg that Pal Dukagjini sent his envoys and declared his loyalty and vassalage to the Kingdom of Naples. Based on that, Alphonso V awarded Pal Dukagjini with 300 ducats of annual provisions.[23]
Pal had four sons, Lekë, Nikollë, Progon, and Gjergj Dukagjini.[24]
The name of Gjergj Dukagjini is mentioned only once in historical sources, while his brother Progon died before 1471. The other two brothers, Lekë and Nikollë Dukagjini, left the country after the capture of Shkodër in 1479, going to Italy. They returned in 1481, trying to recapture their former territories from the Ottomans. One of their sons, Progon Dukagjini tried to do the same in 1501, but with little success.[24]
After the Dukagjini family left the League of Lezhë in 1450, together with Arianiti family, they concluded a peace with Ottoman Empire and started their actions against Skanderbeg.[25]
Some of the Dukagjinis seems to have fled to Venice along with other Venetians when they evacuated Shkodër, and a Luca Ducagini Duca di Pulato e dell stato Ducagino is recorded in Venice in 1506.[26]
Possessions
Pal and Nicholas' possessions
See also
References
- ^ a b Malaj 2016, p. 11
- ^ a b c Zamputi 1984, p. 218
- ^ Zojzi, Rrok; Dajaka, Abaz; Gjergji, Andromaqi; Qatipi, Hasan (1962). Etnografa Shqiptare. Academy of Sciences of Albania. p. 27.
- ^ Galaty et al. 2013, p. 53.
- ^ a b Historia e Popullit Shqiptar Albanian Academy of Science Tiranë 2002,Toena p. 264
- ^ Malaj 2016.
- ^ "İdris Güven Kaya, Dukagin-zade Taşlıcalı Yahya Bey'in Eserleridne Mevlana Celaleddin, Turkish Studies, Cilt 4, Sayı 7, Erzincan, 2009.
"Gibbe göre, sülalenin tarihçesi Haçlı Seferlerine kadar dayanmaktadır. Bu seferler sırasında Normanlardan Le Duc Jean tarafından kurulmuş ve İşkodra yöresine yerleşen halk, daha sonra yerli halkla karışarak Arnavutlaşmış. Ancak atalarını unutmamışlar Le Duc Jeana izafeten, kendilerine Duke Jean ya da Dukagin demişlerdir." " (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-01-11. Retrieved 2015-10-07. - ^ Šufflay, Milan (1925). Srbi i Arbanasi: (njihova simbioza u srednjem vijeku). Seminar za arbanasku filologiju. p. 203. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
Osim ovih, kako Musachi veli, pravih Dukadzina (la casa dei veri Du* cagueni) bilo je jos drugih linija (questi altri Ducagini). Takova jedna (Nicolaus Tuderovich Duchaghin) spominje te g. 1377. U Lesu odrzali se oni daleko u tursko doba.
- ^ Spremić, Momčilo (1964). Zbornik Filozofskog fakulteta (in Serbian). Naučno delo. p. 388. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
... али нема могућности да се он родбински веже за неког било старијег било млађег члана куће Дукађина.
- ^ Božić 1979, p. 355: "... мада је Сенат примио у службу Ђорђа Дукађина у уверењу да ће "увек бити веран нашој влади и послушан нашим управницима" он је убрзо окренуо леђа Млечанима и борио се против њих на страни Балше III.. "
- ^ Božić 1979, p. 355: "...Умро је пре 1409, када је Сенат, на молбе Димитрија Јониме, опростио његовом сину Николи очеве поступке против Млечана..."
- ^ Božić 1979, p. 365: Никола Дукађин наставио је борбу против нових господара Дања; заузео је Сати и неколико села која се нису могла бранити.
- ISBN 9780914710660. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
... Arianiti's nephew ... Nicholas and Paul Dukagjini and Hamza Kastrioti deserted to the Ottomans
- ^ Bešić 1970, p. 297: од којих је син некадашњегмлетачког пронијара — Никола Дукађин — добио пространепосједе, 25 села у Дебру и 7 села у области Фанди.
- ^ Božić 1979, p. 368: Још за живота Николе Дукађина (умро je пре 1454), између њих и Скен-дербега пукао je дубок јаз и одржавао ce годинама.
- ^ Božić 1979, p. 379: ...Млечани нису ништа предузимали, Турци нису проваљивали... ситна господа су несметано рашчишћавала старе рачуне. Ту је као жртва пао и Драга Дукађин ..."
- ^ Fine 1994, p. 512.
- ^ a b Fine 1994, p. 517.
- OCLC 633018773,
Франћеско Бембо је настојао да привучена млетачку страну најистакнутије арбанаске господаре. Ивану Кастриоту је нудио 300, Који Закарији 200, а двојици Дукађина по сто дуката....Ни он ту није ништа учинио...
- OCLC 175122851,
Како је Којина женабила Боша, сестра Тануша Великог Дукађина
- ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5p. 535-536
- ^ Spomenik, Volumes 95-97 (in Serbian). Serbian Academy of Science and Arts. 1942. p. xvi. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
Кастел Нови код Напуља, 21. октобар 1454: Краљ Алфонс V јавља Скендербегу да му је Павле Дукађини преко свог посланика изјавио оданост и покорност и да му је као свом вазалу, одредио годишњу провизију од 300 дуката ...
- ^ a b Historia e Popullit Shqiptar Albanian Academy of Science Tiranë 2002,Toena p. 265
- ^ Frashëri 1964, p. 78: "In 1450 two powerful aristocratic families, Arianits and Dukagjins, left the league.... Skanderbeg tried to keep them near him. But his efforts failed. The Dukagjins not only did not accede, but on the contrary, concluded peace with Sultan and began to plot against Skanderbeg."
- ISBN 9781406828559.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2014-01-05.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - OCLC 230172517, retrieved 23 January 2012,
In 1450 two powerful aristocratic families, Arianits and Dukagjins, left the league.... Skanderbeg tried to keep them near him. But his efforts failed. The Dukagjins not only did not accede, but on the contrary, concluded peace with Sultan and began to plot against Skanderbeg.
Sources
- Štoka, Peter, ed. (2017). I Conti albanesi Ducagini a Capodistria: Castellani di San Servolo (PDF) (in Italian, Slovenian, and Albanian). Kulturno društvo Albancev slovenske Istre »Iliria« Koper.
- Galaty, Michael; Lafe, Ols; Lee, Wayne; Tafilica, Zamir (2013). Light and Shadow: Isolation and Interaction in the Shala Valley of Northern Albania. The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press. ISBN 978-1931745710.
- Frashëri, Kristo (1964). The history of Albania: a brief survey. Tirana. )
- Slijepčević, Đoko M. (1983). Srpsko-arbanaški odnosi kroz vekove sa posebnim osvrtom na novije vreme (in Serbian). Himelstir. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
- Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994), The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest, University of Michigan Press, ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5
- Božić, Ivan (1979), Nemirno pomorje XV veka (in Serbian), Beograd: Srpska književna zadruga, OCLC 5845972
- Bešić, Zarij M. (1970), Istorija Crne Gore / 2. Crna gora u doba oblasnih gospodara (in Serbian), Titograd: Redakcija za istoriju Crne Gore, OCLC 175122851
- Malaj, Edmond (2016). "The Noble Dukagjinis during the Middle Ages. Their Territories and some Characteristics". Studime Historike. 1–2: 10.
- Trnavci, Gene (2010). Mortimer Sellers (ed.). The interaction of customary law with the modern rule of law in Albania and Kosova. Springer. p. 205. ISBN 978-9048137497.
- Zamputi, Injac (1984). "Rindërtimi i mbishkrimit të Arbërit dhe mundësitë e reja për leximin e tij / La reconstruction de l'inscription de l'Arbër et les nouvelles possibilités qui s'offrent pour sa lecture". Ilira. 14 (2).