Economy of the state of São Paulo

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This article is about the state. For the city, see Economy of the city of São Paulo.
Economy of São Paulo
Datasheet
Participation in the Brazilian GDP 31.9% (2018)
GDP BRL 2,224,738 million (2018)
GDP per capita
 BRL 48,853 (2018)
Composition of GDP
Agricultural 2.0% (2009)
Industry 29.0% (2009)
Services 69.0% (2009)
Activities economic
Exports (US$38 billion): vehicles and
soy, meats, coffee, paper – 10%), sugar and alcohol (7.8%), metalworking (7%), orange juice
(5.2%), electronics and telecommunications (4.1%), miscellaneous (31.8%) (2005) .
Imports ($30.5 billion): oil and derivatives (8.4%), computer goods (7.8%), aero parts (4.9%), vehicles and parts (4.3%), metalworking (3%), medications (2.1%), miscellaneous (63.3%) (2005).
Electricity
Generation 56,756 GWh (2004)
Consumption 85,193 GWh (2004)
Telecommunications
Landline telephone
 13.4 million lines (2006)
cell phones 22.7 million (2006)

The economy of the state of

financial center and one of the main centers in the world. The third largest economy and the third largest consumer market in Latin America, occupies the 21st position in the ranking of the largest economies on the planet, ahead of countries such as Argentina, Belgium, Chile and Singapore. Thanks to its enormous economic strength, São Paulo is known as "the locomotive of Brazil".[3]

The São Paulo economy, developed and heterogeneous, is fueled by abundant natural resources, a well-developed infrastructure, high productivity and a highly qualified workforce, with 70% of the qualified workforce in the country.

information and communication technology (ICT), oil and natural gas, green economy, among others.[5][6]

Located in the Southeast Region, the

Alemanha represents 9.41%.[8]

ICMS collection in São Paulo is the highest in the country. In 2012, it was R$ 109,103,539 thousand or 33.4% of the entire collection of Brazilian states. The state's gross revenue generated something like $550 billion at purchasing power parity.

Despite continuing to grow economically, the state of São Paulo has been losing part of its share in the national GDP, evidently due to the development of other states. In 1990 the state accounted for 37.3% of Brazil's gross domestic product. In 2008, participation in the total production of goods and services in the country was 33.1%.[9] In 2009, the share was 33.5%, falling again to 33.1% in 2010 and 32.1% in 2013 and rising to 32.2% in 2014.[10]

São Paulo is responsible for 28.6% of the Industrialized products manufactured in Brazil. The participation in the national industrial GDP has reduced since 2010, when it was responsible for 32.1% of the total. In relation to the state's GDP, industry accounts for 22.9%.[11] In 2016, it was the state with more billionaires, 71 of the 165 in Brazil.[12]

With COVID-19, the country's economy slowed down, while the state showed an increase above the national average, which fell 4.1%,[13]

Origins

Arrival of the Portuguese in Brazil and the process of colonization

Since about

carijós and others, on the coast; and peoples from the linguistic trunk macro-jê inland.[14][15]

Industries

Industry is the main feature of São Paulo's economy. After the 1929 crisis, in New York City, coffee gave way to industries, which made São Paulo remain in the lead of the national industry until today. The state exceeds the industrial production of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul. Its main industrial centers are:

Embraer E-190, jet developed by company Embraer which is headquartered in São José dos Campos
.
  • Metropolitan region of Sao Paulo; largest center of national wealth, the region has an extremely diversified industrial center with high-tech industries and automobile industries, located mainly in the region of ABC. Currently, the metropolis is undergoing an economic transformation, leaving its strong industrial character and moving to the service sector.
  • Paraíba Valley; it has aerospace industries, such as Embraer, national automobile industries, such as Volkswagen and General Motors and high technology industries. The electronics, textile and chemical industries are also present.
  • high-tech industries, such as Lucent Technologies, IBM, Compaq and Hewlett-Packard (HP), mainly in the cities of Campinas, Indaiatuba and Hortolândia, the region has a strong and diversified industrial hub, with automobile industries, petrochemical industries such as REPLAN, in Paulínia and textile industries, especially in the cities of Americana, Nova Odessa and Santa Bárbara d'Oeste.[17]
  • Mesoregion of Araraquara, located in the Central Administrative Region; where the cities of Araraquara, Matão and São Carlos are located, constitutes an important pole of high technology and agro-industry, with industries from different areas, such as the factory of [ [Volkswagen|Suco da Cutrale, Meias Lupo, Metallurgica IESA, Randon, Embraer, Baldan, Marchesan, Citrosuco, Volkswagen Motors]], Faber-Castell, Electrolux, Tecumseh and Husqvarna.
  • sugar cane, being the region that launches all trends in the sector, as well as being one of the administrative headquarters of the largest producer of sugar and alcohol in the Brazil, and one of the largest in the world, Raízen, from the Cosan Group.[citation needed
    ]
  • shoes. The main source of income in the primary sector, sugar cane, is the source of raw material for the manufacture of alcohol
    and sugar, and it is one of the largest production centers for these products in the state of São Paulo.
  • Polo Automotivo de São Paulo;[18] it was in São Paulo that the car industry began in Brazil, and currently the pole located mainly in the interior of the state of São Paulo, represents 43% of industrial factories dedicated to the assembly of auto vehicles, road machinery, engines and components in the country, housing companies such as Caoa Chery, Caterpillar, CNH Industrial, Ford, General Motors (Chevrolet), Honda, Hyundai, John Deere, Komatsu, Mercedes-Benz, Scania, Toyota, Valtra, Volkswagen and Volvo. The pole has more than 50.00% of the personnel employed in the segment of manufacture and assembly of motor vehicles, trailers and bodies in the country, and also accounts for about 45% of all motor vehicles produced in the country, in addition to having most of the companies of auto parts in Brazil.

Agriculture

Avaré

The main characteristics of farming in São Paulo are variety and quality. In 2017, the income generated by the sector in São Paulo corresponded to 10.14% of the national agricultural activity, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the State Data Analysis System Foundation (Seade) – (2017)[19]

The two main agricultural highlights in the state are

sugar cane and orange. In 2019, São Paulo produced 425,617,093 tons of sugarcane.[20] Production paulista is equivalent to 56.5% of Brazilian production of 752,895,389 tons, surpasses the production of India (2nd largest sugarcane producer in the world) in 2019 (which was 405,416,180 tons) and was equivalent to 21.85% of world production of cane in the same year (1,949,310,108 tons). As a result, it becomes a major producer and exporter of ethanol and sugar.[21][22][23][24] In 2019, São Paulo produced 13,256,246 tons of oranges.[25] São Paulo production is equivalent to 78% of Brazilian production of 17,073,593 tons, surpasses the production of China (2nd largest orange producer in the world) in 2019 (which was 10,435,719 tons) and was equivalent to 16.84% of world production of orange in the same year (78,699,604 tons). It is largely exported as juice.[21] It also stands out for producing 90% of the country's peanuts, which are partly exported;[26] 85% of lemon;[27] in addition to being the largest Brazilian banana producer,[28] tangerine[29] and persimmon,[30] the 2nd largest producer of potatoes, carrots and strawberries;[31][32][33][34][35] the 3rd largest for coffee[22] and cassava;[36] and has considerable soybean production[37] and corn.[38]

Livestock activity has a significant participation in São Paulo. Agribusiness production related to the segment added up to R$48 billion in 2017. The cattle breeding areas in São Paulo produced R$7.8 billion in cattle, that is, 10.33% of what is produced in Brazil. The egg sector, for example, participated with 23.35% of Brazilian production, in monetary terms this meant a production of BRL 3.4 billion.[39]

According to IEA data, the production value of chicken meat in the State of São Paulo in 2018 was R$3.7 billion, occupying fifth place in the ranking in the State Agricultural Production Value, behind sugarcane values, beef, orange for industry and soy, with a decrease of 4.6% compared to 2017. The production of chicken meat in 2018 was 1.34 million tons, a loss of 11.1% over 2017.[40]

Swine farming in São Paulo faces problems that are difficult to solve, such as lack of scale in production, high production costs, competition with other more profitable agricultural activities and lack of cooperative aptitude, to name just a few. Added to these problems is competition for consumers who, when they have budgetary restrictions on purchasing food, choose chicken meat based on the price and, when they don't have it, choose beef based on preference. What results from these factors is the growing disincentive for pig farmers to remain in the activity in which production is insufficient and practically all consumed in the state itself.[41]

Energy

The state of São Paulo, being the most industrialized state in the federation, is the largest producer and consumer of national energy.[citation needed] São Paulo has more Hydroelectric Power Plants than any other state, also having a thermoelectric plant, also known to be the largest in Latin America.[citation needed]

History

It can be considered that the economic history of São Paulo begins with the

import substitution
.

The period of greatest growth of the industry in the state occurred during the mandate of Juscelino Kubitschek, who promoted the internationalization of the Brazilian economy, bringing to São Paulo (mainly the ABC) the industry automobile.

Finance

The São Paulo Stock, Commodity and Futures Exchange, in September 2010, became the second largest stock exchange in the world, at market value.[42]

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ "Fifteen states have GDP above the national average in 2018; Sergipe is the only one with a drop". IBGE – 2021 Census (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  2. ^ "System of Regional Accounts: Brazil 2018" (PDF). Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Retrieved March 26, 2021.
  3. ^ "São Paulo is in the 21st place in the ranking of the largest economies in the world". Government of the State of São Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2020-11-09. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  4. ^ "'São Paulo is moving away from the rest of the country' – Economy". Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  5. ^ "Business sectors | InvesteSP". Investe SP (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2021-03-27.
  6. ^ "Diversified economy | InvesteSP". Investe SP (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2021-03-27.
  7. ^ "SP has 19 of the 20 best highways in Brazil, according to research". Governo do Estado de São Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2017-07-08. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  8. ^ "International trade | InvesteSP". Investe SP (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2021-03-27.
  9. Folha de S. Paulo. "Southeast Region loses share in GDP, says IBGE"
    . Retrieved February 14, 2010.
  10. ^ "Seade PIB". Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Archived from the original on October 13, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
  11. ^ "industrial GDP 2010 – G1". Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  12. ^ Redação (2016-09-02). "The Brazilian states with the most billionaires". Forbes Brasil. Retrieved 2021-03-27.
  13. ^ "PIB of São Paulo grows and stands out amid the fall of the national and world economy". Governo do Estado de São Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2021-03-04. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  14. ^ "History of São Paulo – 16th Century". www.sp-turismo.com. Retrieved 2021-03-27.
  15. ^ Bueno 2003, p. 19.
  16. ^ "O Brazilian Silicon Valley". TI Magazine. April 5, 2001. Archived from the original on 2011-11-13. Retrieved July 28, 2010.
  17. ^ [1][dead link]
  18. ^ "Automotive". InvesteSP. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
  19. ^ "Agropecuária | InvesteSP". Investe SP (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-06-02.
  20. ^ Sugarcane 2019 Brazil Table 1612
  21. ^ a b Production of world agriculture in 2019, by FAO
  22. ^ a b IBGE predicts record grain harvest in 2020
  23. ^ "Coagro expects the best sugarcane harvest in the last four years". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
  24. ^ MONITORING THE BRAZILIAN SUGARCANE CROP MAY 2019
  25. ^ "Brazilian orange production in 2019" (PDF). Embrapa. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  26. ^ Study maps production areas of peanuts from Brazil to prevent coal disease
  27. ^ Brazilian lemon production in 2019
  28. ^ Brazilian banana production in 2019
  29. ^ Brazilian production of tangerine in 2019
  30. ^ Persimmon – National Production Panorama
  31. ^ "CARROT:Production, market and prices" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-02-15. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
  32. ^ It's potato
  33. ^ Potato growers live different realities in Minas Gerais
  34. ^ Increased demand will raise the potato harvest in Minas
  35. ^ What is the outlook for strawberry production in Brazil?
  36. ^ pdf Brazilian cassava production in 2019
  37. ^ Check out how the soybean harvest is in each state of the country
  38. ^ Estimate of Corn Supply and Demand in the State of São Paulo in 2019
  39. ^ "Agribusiness | InvesteSP". Investe SP (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-06-02.
  40. ^ "IEA". www.iea.sp.gov.br. Retrieved 2022-06-02.
  41. ^ "IEA". www.iea.agricultura.sp.gov.br. Retrieved 2022-06-02.
  42. ^ g1 (2010). "Bovespa becomes the 2nd largest in the world by market value". g1.globo.com. Retrieved September 29, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Bibliography

  • Bueno, Eduardo (2003). Brazil: a story (2nd ed.).
    ISBN 9788508082131
    .
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