Electric Light Orchestra
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Website | jefflynneselo |
The Electric Light Orchestra (ELO) are an English rock band formed in Birmingham in 1970 by songwriters and multi-instrumentalists Jeff Lynne and Roy Wood with drummer Bev Bevan. Their music is characterised by a fusion of pop and classical arrangements with futuristic iconography.[3] After Wood's departure in 1972, Lynne became the band's sole leader, arranging and producing every album while writing nearly all of their original material. From this point until their first break-up in 1986, Lynne, Bevan, and keyboardist Richard Tandy were the group's only consistent members.
The group's name is a
During ELO's original 13-year period of active recording and touring, they sold over 50 million records worldwide.
History
1970–1973: Formation and early albums
In 1968,
On 12 July 1970, when Wood added multiple cellos to a Lynne-penned song intended to be a Move B-side, the new concept became a reality and "10538 Overture" became the first Electric Light Orchestra song. The original plan was to end The Move following the release of the Looking On album at the end of 1970, crossing over to the new unit in the new year. But to help finance the fledgling band, one further Move album, Message from the Country, was recorded during the lengthy ELO recordings and released in mid-1971. The resulting debut album The Electric Light Orchestra was released in December 1971. Only the trio of Wood, Lynne and Bevan played on all songs, with Bill Hunt supplying the French Horn parts and Steve Woolam playing violin. It was released in the United States in March 1972 as No Answer. The name was chosen after a U.S. record company secretary had tried to ring the UK company to get the name of the album. They were unavailable so she left a note reading "No answer".[17] "10538 Overture" became a UK top-ten hit. With both bands' albums in the stores simultaneously, the Move and ELO both appeared on television during this period.
ELO's debut concert took place on 16 April 1972 at the Greyhound Pub in Croydon, Surrey,[18] with a line-up of Wood, Lynne, Bevan, Bill Hunt (keyboards/French horn), Andy Craig (cello), Mike Edwards (cello), Wilfred Gibson (violin), Hugh McDowell (cello), and Richard Tandy (bass). However, this line-up did not last for long.[failed verification] First Craig departed, and then Wood, during the recordings for the band's second LP. Taking Hunt and McDowell with him, Wood left the band to form Wizzard. Both cited problems with their manager, Don Arden,[19] who Wood felt failed in his role, and an unsatisfactory tour of Italy. However, Arden would manage Wizzard, despite Wood's negative comments towards Arden.[20] Despite predictions from the music press that the band would fold without Wood, who had been the driving force behind the creation of ELO, Lynne stepped up to lead the band, with Bevan, Edwards, Gibson and Tandy (who had switched from bass to keyboards to replace Hunt) remaining from the previous line-up, and new recruits Mike de Albuquerque and Colin Walker joining the band on bass and cello, respectively.[21]
The new line-up performed at the 1972
1974–1982: Global success and concept albums
For the band's fourth album,
Following the release of Eldorado, Kelly Groucutt was recruited as bassist and in early 1975, Melvyn Gale replaced Edwards on cello. The line-up stabilised as the band took to a decidedly more accessible sound. ELO had become successful in the US at this point and the group was a star attraction on the stadium and arena circuit, and appeared on The Midnight Special more than any other band in that show's history with four appearances (in 1973, 1975, 1976, and 1977).
Their sixth album, the platinum selling A New World Record, became their first UK top 10 album when it was released in 1976.[22] It contained the hit singles "Livin' Thing", "Telephone Line", "Rockaria!" and "Do Ya", the last a re-recording of The Move's final single. The band toured in support in the US only from September 1976 to April 1977 with a break in December, then an American Music Awards show appearance on 31 January 1977,[24] plus a one-off gig in San Diego in August 1977.
A New World Record was followed by a multi-platinum selling album, the double-LP Out of the Blue, in 1977. Out of the Blue featured the singles "Turn to Stone", "Sweet Talkin' Woman", "Mr. Blue Sky", and "Wild West Hero", each becoming a hit in the United Kingdom. The band then set out on a nine-month, 92-date world tour, with an enormous set and a hugely expensive spaceship stage with fog machines and a laser display. In the United States the concerts were billed as The Big Night and were their largest to date, with 62,000 people seeing them at Cleveland Stadium.[25] The Big Night went on to become the highest-grossing live concert tour in music history up to that point (1978).[26] The band played at London's Wembley Arena for eight straight sold-out nights during the tour, another record at the time.
During an Australian tour in early 1978, Electric Light Orchestra were presented with 9 platinum awards for the albums Out of the Blue and New World Record.[27]
In 1979, the multi-
By the end of 1979, ELO had reached the peak of their stardom, selling millions of albums and singles, and even inspiring a parody/tribute song on the Randy Newman album Born Again, titled "The Story of a Rock and Roll Band". During 1979, Jeff Lynne also turned down an invitation for ELO to headline the August 1979 Knebworth Festival concerts. That allowed Led Zeppelin the chance to headline instead.
In 1980, Jeff Lynne was asked to write for the soundtrack of the musical film
In 1981, ELO's sound changed again with the science fiction
1983–1986: Secret Messages, Balance of Power, disbanding
Jeff Lynne wanted to follow Time with a double album, but CBS blocked his plan on the grounds that a double vinyl album would be too expensive in the oil crisis and not sell as well as a single record, so as a result, the new album was edited down to a single disc and released as
Drummer Bevan moved on to play drums for Black Sabbath, and bassist Groucutt, unhappy with no touring income that year, decided to sue Lynne and Jet Records in November 1983, eventually resulting in a settlement for the sum of £300,000 (equivalent to £994,300 in 2018). While Secret Messages debuted at number four in the United Kingdom, it subsequently performed poorly in the charts, with a lack of hit singles (though "Rock 'n' Roll Is King" was a sizeable hit in UK, the US and Australia) and a lukewarm media response.[citation needed]
That same year, Lynne moved into production work: having already produced two tracks for the
Lynne and Tandy went on to record tracks for the 1984 Electric Dreams soundtrack under Lynne's name; however, Lynne was contractually obliged to make one more ELO album. So Lynne, Bevan and Tandy returned to the studio in 1984 and 1985 as a three-piece (with Christian Schneider playing saxophone on some tracks and Lynne again doubling on bass in addition to his usual guitar in the absence of an official bass player) to record Balance of Power, released early in 1986 after some delays. Though the single "Calling America" placed in the Top 30 in the United Kingdom (number 28) and Top 20 in the States, subsequent singles failed to chart. The album lacked actual classical strings, which were replaced once again by synthesizers, played by Tandy and Lynne. However, despite being a 3-piece, much of the album was made by Lynne alone, with Tandy and Bevan giving their additions later.[35]
The band was then rejoined by Kaminski, Clark and Morgan, adding Martin Smith on bass guitar, and proceeded to perform a small number of live ELO performances in 1986, including shows in England and Germany along with US appearances on American Bandstand,[36] Solid Gold, then at Disneyland that summer.[37] ELO performed at the Heart Beat 86 charity concert organised by Bevan in the band's hometown of Birmingham on 15 March 1986;[38] a hint of Lynne's future was seen when George Harrison appeared onstage during the encore, joining in the all-star jam of "Johnny B. Goode". ELO's last performance for several years occurred on 13 July 1986 in Stuttgart, Germany playing as opening act to Rod Stewart. With Lynne no longer under contractual obligation to attend further scheduled performances, ELO effectively disbanded after that final show in Stuttgart in 1986, but there was no announcement made of it for the next two years, during which George Harrison's Lynne-produced album Cloud Nine and the pair's follow-up (with Roy Orbison, Bob Dylan and Tom Petty as Traveling Wilburys) Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 were released.
1989–1999: ELO Part II
Bev Bevan (under an agreement with Lynne, who co-owned the ELO name with him) continued on in 1989 as ELO Part II, initially with no other former ELO members, but with ELO's main orchestra conductor, Louis Clark. Bevan also recruited Eric Troyer, Pete Haycock, and Neil Lockwood. ELO Part II released their debut album Electric Light Orchestra Part Two in May 1991. Mik Kaminski, Kelly Groucutt and Hugh McDowell, at the time working in a group called OrKestra, joined the group for their first tour in 1991. While McDowell did not stay, Groucutt and Kaminski became fully-fledged members.
In 1994, after the departure of Haycock and Lockwood, the remaining five recorded Moment of Truth with their newest member, Phil Bates. This lineup toured extensively up to 1999. Bevan retired from the lineup in 1999 and sold his share of the ELO name to Jeff Lynne in 2000, after Lynne had expressed his dismay that in certain areas the band were billed as 'ELO', rather than with '...Part II' added, suggesting it was the original outfit.[citation needed] After Bevan left, the band continued after they changed its name to The Orchestra. In 2001 The Orchestra released their debut album No Rewind.
2000–2001: Reformation
Lynne's comeback with ELO began in 2000 with the release of a retrospective box set,
2001–2013: Non-performing work, reissues and miniature reunions
From 2001 to 2007,
In August 2010,
Mr. Blue Sky: The Very Best of Electric Light Orchestra was released on 8 October 2012. It is an album of re-recordings of ELO's greatest hits, performed by Lynne exclusively, along with a new song titled "Point of No Return". Released to coincide with Lynne's second solo album release Long Wave,[43] these new albums contained advertisement cards, announcing the re-release of expanded and remastered versions of both the 2001 album Zoom and Lynne's debut solo album Armchair Theatre, originally released in 1990. Both albums were re-released in April 2013 with various bonus tracks. Also released was the live album, Electric Light Orchestra Live, showcasing songs from the Zoom tour. All three releases also featured new studio recordings as bonus tracks.[44]
Lynne and Tandy reunited again on 12 November 2013 to perform, under the name Jeff Lynne and Friends, "Livin' Thing" and "Mr. Blue Sky" at the Children in Need Rocks concert at Hammersmith Eventim Apollo, London. The backing orchestra was the BBC Concert Orchestra, with Chereene Allen on lead violin.[45]
2014–present: Jeff Lynne's ELO
The success of the Children in Need performance was followed by support from BBC Radio 2 DJ Chris Evans, who had Lynne as his on-air guest and asked his listeners if they wanted to see ELO perform. The 50,000 tickets for the resulting BBC Radio 2's "Festival in a Day" in Hyde Park on 14 September 2014 sold out in 15 minutes. Billed as "Jeff Lynne's ELO", Lynne and Tandy were backed by the Take That/Gary Barlow band from the Children in Need concert, led by Mike Stevens[46] and the BBC Concert Orchestra. Lynne chose to use the name as a response to ELO offshoots ELO Part II and The Orchestra.[47] Chereene Allen[45] was again the lead violinist for the band. The development of modern digital processing added a smoother finish to the work, which led Lynne to reconsider his preference for studio work, hinting at a UK tour in 2015.[48]
On 8 February 2015, Jeff Lynne's ELO played at the Grammy Awards for the first time.[49] They performed a medley of "Evil Woman" and "Mr. Blue Sky" with Ed Sheeran, who introduced them as "A man and a band who I love".[50]
On 10 September 2015, it was announced that a new ELO album would be released. The album was to be under the moniker of Jeff Lynne's ELO, with the band signed to
In 2017 they played their "Alone in the Universe" tour.[56][57] That same year, on 7 April, they played at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as they were inducted during the 32nd Annual Induction Ceremony.[58]
The band continued to tour in 2018 in North America and Europe. A video was created for the City of Birmingham which used the original recording of "Mr. Blue Sky" as its music; this was played at the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games Closing Ceremony during the handover presentation of Birmingham 2022.[59]
On 3 August 2018, Secret Messages was reissued "as originally conceived" as a double album. It included several cut tracks, such as the CD exclusive bonus track "Time After Time", B-side exclusives "Buildings Have Eyes" and "After All", the Afterglow exclusives "Mandalay" and "Hello My Old Friend", and the 2001 reissue exclusives "Endless Lies" and "No Way Out".[60]
On 22 October 2018, Lynne announced that Jeff Lynne's ELO would embark on a 2019 North American tour from June to August 2019.[61]
ELO released their 14th album, From Out of Nowhere, on 1 November 2019.[62] While a tour from the album was announced to begin in October 2020, the official Jeff Lynne's ELO Twitter page then later announced that the tour was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[63]
On 18 March 2024, Jeff Lynne's ELO announced the Over And Out Tour, a final tour of North America that would span from August to October 2024.[64]
Legacy and influence
According to music journalist Simon Price, ELO was
arguably the most uncool, even defiantly anti-cool, of the lot and have been the slowest to be rehabilitated since ... They've been sampled by dozens upon dozens of acts, from Company Flow to the Pussycat Dolls, if you go looking. Every now and then in my journalistic career, it's been possible to coax a contemporary band to admit to an ELO influence; the Flaming Lips and Super Furry Animals being two examples. But the band in whom I perceive the greatest amount of ELO DNA are outside the rock genre altogether: Daft Punk."[65]
In November 2016, Jeff Lynne's ELO won Band of the Year at the Classic Rock Roll of Honour Awards.[66] In October 2016, ELO were nominated for the 2017 class of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for the first time.[67] It was the first time the Hall had announced in advance the members of bands who would be inducted; the members of ELO listed were Jeff Lynne, Roy Wood, Bev Bevan and Richard Tandy.[68] On 20 December 2016, it was announced ELO had been elected to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Class of 2017.[15]
Members
Current
- Jeff Lynne – lead and backing vocals, guitars, bass, piano, keyboards, cello, drums, percussion (1970–1986, 2000–2001, 2014–present)
- Richard Tandy – piano, keyboards, synthesizer, bass, guitar, backing vocals (1971–1986, 2000–2001, 2014–present)
Former
- Bev Bevan – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1970–1986)
- Bill Hunt – French horn, keyboard (1970–1972)
- Roy Wood – lead and backing vocals, guitars, bass, cello, oboe, bassoon (1970–1972)
- Steve Woolam – violin (1970–1971)
- Mike Edwards – cello (1972–1974)
- Hugh McDowell – cello (1972, 1973–1979)
- Wilfred Gibson – violin (1972–1973)
- Mike de Albuquerque – bass, backing vocals (1972–1974)
- Colin Walker – cello (1972–1973)
- Mik Kaminski – violin (1973–1979)
- Kelly Groucutt – bass, lead and backing vocals (1974–1983)
- Melvyn Gale – cello (1975–1979)
Discography
- The Electric Light Orchestra (1971)
- ELO 2 (1973)
- On the Third Day (1973)
- Eldorado (1974)
- Face the Music (1975)
- A New World Record (1976)
- Out of the Blue (1977)
- Discovery (1979)
- Xanadu (1980) (with Olivia Newton-John) (soundtrack album)
- Time(1981) (credited as ELO)
- Secret Messages (1983)
- Balance of Power (1986)
- Zoom (2001)
- Alone in the Universe (2015) (credited as Jeff Lynne's ELO)
- From Out of Nowhere (2019) (credited as Jeff Lynne's ELO)
Notes
- ^ The band did reach No. 1 on the Radio & Records chart with "Shine a Little Love" in 1979.[13][14]
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0-312-19821-3
- ^ Ankeny, Jason. "Electric Light Orchestra, Part II". AllMusic.
- ^ a b Ankeny, Jason. "Electric Light Orchestra". AllMusic.
- ^ The following references cite the band as either orchestral pop or symphonic pop:
- Macan, Edward (1997). Rocking the Classics: English Progressive Rock and the Counterculture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-509887-7.
- "Music review: Jeff Lynn's ELO". The Scotsman. 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- Araimo, Catherine (2018). "Listen to ELO Play the Ultimate Anti-Love Song on Valentine's Day 1976". Paste. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- Macan, Edward (1997). Rocking the Classics: English Progressive Rock and the Counterculture. Oxford University Press.
- ISBN 978-1-61530-912-2.
- ^ Center, Event Tickets (22 October 2018). "Jeff Lynne's ELO Announces 2019 Headlining Tour". Medium.com. Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
- ^ "Electric Light Orchestra – Band History". Elo.biz. Archived from the original on 11 May 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
- ^ "RIAA". RIAA. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
- ^ "Home". Bpi.co.uk. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
- ^ "Electric Light Orchestra Chart History". Billboard.com. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
- ^ "E.L.O. | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company". Officialcharts.com. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
- ^ Robert Porter. "Electric Light Orchestra – The USA Singles". Jeff Lynne Song Database. Retrieved 27 July 2007.
- ^ "ELO". Wweb.uta.edu. Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
- ^ "Charts". Wweb.uta.edu. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
- ^ a b Sisario, Ben (20 December 2016). "Pearl Jam, Tupac Shakur and Joan Baez Will Join the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame - NYTimes.com". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
- ^ Picking up where the Beatles left off ... Jeff Lynne and ELO. Photograph: Andre Csillag/Rex Alan McGee (16 October 2008). "ELO: The band the Beatles could have been". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
- ^ Electric Light Orchestra's No Answer. snopes.com. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
- ISBN 0907394000.
- ^ "Roy Wood talks about ELO". BBC. 2007.
- ^ Kielty, Martin (8 June 2017). "Why Roy Wood Really Left the Electric Light Orchestra". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
- ^ Larkin, Colin (20 July 2016). "Electric Light Orchestra". Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 20 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d "ELO: UK Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 9 February 2015
- ^ Eaton Music – Louis Clark. Web.archive.org (5 June 2008). Retrieved 31 January 2011.
- ^ ELO Livin Thing American Music Awards 31 Jan 1977 Full. YouTube (25 February 2011)
- ^ Bornino, Bruno, "62,000 see ELO’s UFO" Cleveland Press 17 July 1978
- ^ Robert Porter. "Electric Light Orchestra – Out Of The Blue Tour: An in-depth look at the 1978 tour". Jeff Lynne Song Database. Retrieved 27 July 2007.
- ^ "Cashbox Magazine" (PDF). Billboard. 4 March 1978. p. 42. Retrieved 12 November 2021 – via World Radio History.
- ^ "ELO". Wweb.uta.edu. Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
- ^ "Charts". Wweb.uta.edu. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
- ^ Guinness World Records: "British Hit Singles 14th Edition", page 195. 0-85112-156-X
- ^ Sara Benn (20 August 2015). "Xanadu gets UK premiere". Theatre news. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ "Electric Light Orchestra – Time". Popmatters.com. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
- ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- ^ Van Der Kiste, John (2015). Jeff Lynne The Electric Light Orchestra. Fonthill Media.
- ^ Deriso, Nick (17 February 2021). "35 Years Ago: Electric Light Orchestra Blow Apart On "Balance of Power"". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
- ^ "ELO – Calling América AB 5 Jul 1986". YouTube. 31 May 2011. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021.
- ^ "ELO – Disney's Summer Vacation Party (TV Show – 1986)". YouTube. 17 October 2012. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021.
- ^ "Electric Light Orchestra (ELO) Concert at Birmingham NEC 1986 – Heartbeat 86". YouTube. 28 May 2013. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021.
- ^ "Zoom". AllMusic. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
- ^ "ELO a no-go". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 18 August 2001. pp. E8. "The off-switch has been flipped on the Electric Light Orchestra. Or at least its tour, which was wired to illuminate the First Union Center on 15 Sept."
- BraveWords. 13 August 2010. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
- ^ "Face The Music – HERE IS THE NEWS". Ftmusic.com. Archived from the original on 13 November 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
- ^ "Releases : elo". Elo.biz. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
- ^ ""Do Ya" Want More Reissues From Electric Light Orchestra and Jeff Lynne? « The Second Disc". Theseconddisc.com. Archived from the original on 13 January 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
- ^ a b "Chereene Allen". Twitter.com.
- ^ Caroline Sullivan (15 September 2014). "Jeff Lynne's ELO review – school-disco joy for 1970s maximalism". The Guardian.
- ^ Miller, Joshua (10 November 2015). "Jeff Lynne's Long-Awaited Return to Electric Light Orchestra". Pastemagazine.com.
- ^ "Review and setlist: Jeff Lynne's ELO, Hyde Park, London". Birminghammail.co.uk. 15 September 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
- ^ Lynch, Joe (8 February 2015). "Grammys 2015: Ed Sheeran Joins Jeff Lynne's ELO for 'Mr. Blue Sky'". Billboard. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
- ^ Grow, Kory (9 February 2015). "Ed Sheeran Performs With ELO at the Grammys". Rolling Stone.
- ^ "JEFF LYNNE'S ELO TO RELEASE FIRST ALBUM OF ALL NEW ELO MUSIC IN OVER A DECADE". Electric Light Orchestra and Jeff Lynne. Archived from the original on 7 June 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
- ^ a b "Electric Light Orchestra Returns In Fine Form". Npr.org. 24 September 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
- ^ "Livin' Thing: Jeff Lynne's ELO Triumph at First U.S. Show in 30 Years". Rolling Stone. 21 November 2014.
- ^ "Jeff Lynne's ELO playing intimate U.S. release shows this month, touring Europe in 2016 (dates)". Brooklynvegan.com. 17 November 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
- ^ "Jeff Lynne's ELO to Play Pyramid Stage Sunday Teatime Slot". Glastonbury Festival. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
- ^ "Jeff Lynne's ELO announce Wembley Stadium show". NME. 27 June 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
- ^ "Tom Chaplin and the Shires To Support Jeff Lynne's ELO on UK Dates". Stereoboard.com. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
- ^ Joe Lynch (8 April 2017). "11 Unforgettable Moments From the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 2017 Ceremony". Billboard.com. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
- ^ "ELO to have role in Birmingham 2022 handover at Gold Coast 2018 alongside rap artist and cast of youngsters". Insidethegames.biz.
- ^ "SECRET MESSAGES – 35TH ANNIVERSARY 2LP". ELO US. Retrieved 11 July 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Jeff Lynne's ELO Route 2019 North American Summer Tours". Rolling Stone.
- ^ Reed, Ryan (26 September 2019). "Jeff Lynne's ELO Ready New LP 'From Out of Nowhere,' Issue Title Track". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
- ^ @JeffLynnesELO (15 May 2020). "It's with deep regret and sadness that I have to cancel my upcoming October UK tour..." (Tweet). Retrieved 11 July 2020 – via Twitter.
- ^ "JEFF LYNNE'S ELO ANNOUNCES 2024 NORTH AMERICAN FALL TOUR – Jeff Lynne's ELO". www.jefflynneselo.com. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
- ^ Price, Simon (16 September 2014). "The Jesus of Uncool Is Risen: ELO Live, By Simon Price". The Quietus. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
- ^ "Cheap Trick, ELO, Queen, Def Leppard, Jeff Beck Among Winners at Classic Rock Awards". Vintage Vinyl News. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
- ^ Minsker, Evan (18 October 2016). "Rock Hall 2017 Nominations: Pearl Jam, Tupac, Depeche Mode, Kraftwerk, Janet Jackson, Bad Brains | Pitchfork". Pitchfork.com. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
- ^ "Electric Light Orchestra (ELO)". Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
Further reading
- Bevan, Bev The Electric Light Orchestra Story (London: Mushroom, 1980)
- Van der Kiste, John Jeff Lynne: The Electric Light Orchestra, before and after (Stroud: Fonthill Media, 2015)
External links
- Jeff Lynne's ELO
- Electric Light Orchestra at Curlie
- "Electric Light Orchestra". Record label. Legacy Recordings.
- "ELO". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2017.
- "Jeff Lynne Songs". Database.