Finno-Permic languages

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Finno-Permic
Finnic
(proposed)
EthnicityFinnic peoples
Geographic
distribution		Northern Fennoscandia, Baltic states, Southwestern, Southeastern, and Ural region of Russia
Linguistic classificationUralic
Subdivisions
GlottologNone
The Finno-Permic languages

The Finno-Permic or Finno-Permian languages, sometimes just Finnic or Fennic languages, are a proposed subdivision of the Uralic languages which comprise the Balto-Finnic languages, Sámi languages, Mordvinic languages, Mari language, Permic languages and likely a number of extinct languages. In the traditional taxonomy of the Uralic languages, Finno-Permic is estimated to have split from Finno-Ugric around 3000–2500 BC, and branched into Permic languages and Finno-Volgaic languages around 2000 BC.[1] Nowadays the validity of the group as a taxonomical entity is being questioned, and the interrelationships of its five branches are debated with little consensus.[2][3]

The term Finnic languages has often been used to designate all the Finno-Permic languages, with the term Balto-Finnic used to disambiguate the Finnic languages proper.[4][1] However, in many works, Finnic refers to the Baltic-Finnic languages alone.[5][6]

Subclassification

The subclassification of the Finno-Permic languages varies among scholars. During the 20th century, most classifications treated Permic vs Finno-Volgaic as the primary division. In the 21st century, Salminen rejected Finno-Permic and Finno-Volgaic entirely.[7] Other classifications treat the five branches of Finno-Permic as follows.

Janhunen (2009)[8] Häkkinen (2007)[9] Lehtinen (2007)[10] Michalove (2002)[11] Kulonen (2002)[12]
  • Permic
  • Finno-Volgaic
    • Mari
    • Finno-Samic
      • Sámi
      • Finno-Mordvin
        • Mordvin
        • Balto-Finnic & Para-Finnic
  • Mari-Permic
    • Mari
    • Permic
  • Finno-Mordvin
    • Finnic
    • Sámi
    • Mordvin
  • Permic
  • Finno-Volgaic
    • Mari
    • Mordvin
    • Finno-Samic
      • Sámi
      • Balto-Finnic
  • Permic
  • Mari
  • Sámi
  • Mordvin
  • Balto-Finnic
  • Permic
  • Mari
  • Mordvin
  • Finno-Samic
    • Sámi
    • Balto-Finnic

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 0-415-91977-0
    .
  2. ^ Salminen, Tapani (2002). "Problems in the taxonomy of the Uralic languages in the light of modern comparative studies".
  3. ^ Aikio, Ante (2019). "Proto-Uralic". In Bakró-Nagy, Marianne; Laakso, Johanna; Skribnik, Elena (eds.). Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–4.
  4. ^ "Finno-Ugric languages". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2013.
  5. ISBN 978-0-19-876766-4
    .
  6. ISBN 978-1-138-65084-8
    .
  7. ^ Salminen, Tapani (2007). "Europe and North Asia". In Christopher Moseley (ed.). Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages. London: Routlegde. pp. 211–280.
  8. ISSN 0355-0230
    .
  9. urn:nbn:fi-fe20071746
    .
  10. ISBN 978-951-746-896-1
    .
  11. ^ Michalove, Peter A. (2002) The Classification of the Uralic Languages: Lexical Evidence from Finno-Ugric. In: Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen, vol. 57
  12. ISBN 978-951-746-332-4
    .

Further reading

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