Flag of Peru
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Pabellón nacional | |
state and naval ensign | |
Proportion | 2:3 |
---|---|
Adopted | 31 March 1950 |
Design | A vertical triband of red (hoist-side and fly-side) and white with the National Coat of Arms centered on the white band. |
Bandera de guerra (War flag of Peru) | |
Use | War flag |
Proportion | 2:3 |
Design | A vertical triband of red (hoist-side and fly-side) and white. |
Bara de proa (Naval jack of Peru) | |
Proportion | 1:1 |
Design | A red square with the white square in the center bearing the Coat of Arms (Escudo de Armas) in the center. |
The flag of Peru was adopted by the
Design and symbolism
Coat of arms
Meaning of the colors
Red represents the blood that was spilled by the fallen freedom fighters that fought for the independence of the country. White represents purity and peace. However, the colours are also linked to the
Color approximations
The current colors of the Peruvian flag were taken of the design of
Official tones determined by Peruvian laws do not exist. However, there are some particular initiatives in approximated equivalents in multiple color models, some in tones close to crimson.[3]
Red | White | |
---|---|---|
RGB | 217-16-35 | 255-255-255 |
Hexadecimal | #D91023 | #FFFFFF |
CMYK | 0, 93, 84, 15 | 0, 0, 1, 0 |
Pantone | 485 C | White |
At official level, the governmental communications have used diverse shades of red.[4]
Variants
Civil flag
The civil flag or ensign (bandera nacional) is used by citizens. It has no additions to the common form. It was changed several times; before 1950 it looked like the current national flag and was used as both the civil and the state flag, when General Manuel A. Odría removed the coat of arms from the flag and created the state and war flags. The Civil flag lacks coat of arms.
State flag
The
War flag
The
The
History
Proposed flag of 1820
During the
Flag of 1820
The first flag of the
Flag of March 1822
In March 1822,
A problem came up on the battlefields: the resemblance with the Spanish flag, especially from far away, made the distinction between the armies difficult, which led to a new change to the flag.
Flag of May 1822
On 31 May 1822, Torre Tagle changed the flag's design again. The new version was a vertical triband, with red outer bands and a white middle band, with a golden sun representing Inti at the center.
Flag of 1825
On 25 February 1825, during Simón Bolívar's administration, the Constituent Congress changed the design of the flag by promulgating the law of national symbols. The fundamental change was the image of the sun for the brand new coat of arms, designed by José Gregorio Paredes and Francisco Javier Cortés.
In this way, the flag was definitely constituted by two vertical bands of red at the ends and white at the center, with the coat of arms at the center of the middle band.
Flags of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation era, 1836–1839
From 1836 to 1839, Peru was temporarily dissolved into the Republics of South Peru and North Peru, which joined Bolivia to form the Peru–Bolivian Confederation.
The South was formed first, thus adopting a new flag: a red vertical band on the left, with a golden sun and four small stars above (representing
The flag of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation showed the coats of arms of Bolivia, South and North Peru, from left to right and slanted at different angles, on a red field, adorned by a laurel crown. Another version of the flag of the confederacy is offered by Flags of the World (https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/xi_pb.html.
After the dissolution of the Confederation, the old Republic of Peru was restored to its 1836 composition, as were its national symbols.
Flag of 1884
After the War of the Pacific, the coat of arms in the flag was slightly altered to represent the territory lost after the Treaty of Ancón.
Flag of 1950
In 1950, President Odría modified the national flag to its current form, removing the coat of arms from the civil flag, since it was used de facto, being easier to make. The national ensign and war flag were created for exclusive uses, each with a variant of the coat of arms, which was also changed slightly. These remain as the official flags today.[8]
The Marcha de Banderas
The Marcha de Banderas (
Arriba, arriba, arriba el Perú |
Long live, long live, long live Peru Liberty Every Peruvian shall feel in his heart vibrating, the love for the national flag and fight under its folds, and if ever needed for its laurels and honor, die. |
In all occasions today the song is sung in its entirety, formerly during the presidency of Alan Garcia only the first 3 were sung.
See also
- List of flags of Peru
- Coat of arms of Peru
- National Anthem of Peru
- Great Military Parade (Peru)
- Flag of Canada
- Flag of Austria, similar design with horizontal stripes
References
- ^ "Political Constitution of Peru" (PDF).
- ^ "Symbols of Peru". Project Peru. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
- ^ "Peru".
- ^ "Gobierno del Perú" (in Spanish).
- ^ "Member Association - Peru". Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
- ^ Mariano Felipe Paz Soldán (1868). Historia del Perú independiente. pp. 75–. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
- ^ Jorge Fernández Stoll. "Los orígenes de la bandera", Lima, Sociedad Bolivariana de Lima, 1953
- ^ "Decreto Ley Nº 11323" (PDF). 31 March 1950.
External links
- Peru at Flags of the World
- Peruvian flag history
- Peru Flag at Flagscorner.com Archived 30 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine