Tacna
Tacna
Takana San Pedro de Tacna | |
|---|---|
 Top: Monument at Battle of Tacna at Intiorko Hill, 2nd left: Ferroviaria Railroad Station, 2nd right: Cerrado Peru Arena (Coliseo Cerrado Peru), 3rd left: Tacna Cathedral, 3rd right: Tacna Municipal Hall, Bottom: Jorge Basadre Stadium (Estadio Jorge Basadre) | |
|
UTC-5 (PET) | |
| UBIGEO | 23000 |
| Area code | 52 |
| Website | munitacna.gob.pe |
Tacna, officially known as San Pedro de Tacna,
The city has gained a reputation for its patriotism, with many monuments and streets named after heroes of Peru's struggle for independence (1821–1824) and the War of the Pacific (1879–1883). Residents of Tacna are known in Spanish as tacneños.
History
It was the capital of the short-lived
Spain (1542–1811, 1811–1821)
American Union[4] (1811)
Protectorate of Peru (1821–1822)
Peru (1822–1836)
Peru–Bolivia (1836–1839; capital)
Peru (1839–1841)
Bolivia (1841; occupation)
Chile (1880–1929; administration)
Peru (1929–present)
Tacna was known for its mining industry; it had significant deposits of
Chilean administration
During the war, the Tacna—as well as neighbouring
The commune was formally created through a decree on December 22, 1891,[7] taking into account the limits assigned by the decrees of November 9, 1885 and of May 10, 1886,[8] and was composed of four subdelegations: El Callao, San Ramón, El Mercado and El Alto de Lima.
| Municipality | Sub-delegations (1891) |
|---|---|
| Tacna | El Callao |
| San Ramón | |
| El Mercado | |
| El Alto de Lima |
According to the 1907 census, the population that year was numbered at 10,593 people.[9] During this period, people such as Jorge Basadre and Salvador Allende (as well as his family) lived in the city.
Starting in February 1, 1928, by virtue of Decree with Force of Law No. 8,583 published that January 28 under the government of
| Municipality | Sub-delegations (1928) |
|---|---|
| Tacna | Intendencia |
| Comercio | |
| Pocollay |
In 1929, the Treaty of Lima was signed in which Chile kept Arica, whilst Peru reacquired Tacna and received a $6 million indemnity and other concessions. The commune ceased to exist when the treaty became effective on August 28,[11] in a ceremony held at the home of the prefect Federico Fernandini, in which an agreement was signed between the interim mayor of the Chilean province of Tacna, Gonzalo Robles, and a delegation of Peru headed by Foreign Minister Pedro José Rada y Gamio. At 4 p.m. that day, the Peruvian municipality of Tacna began its functions.[12]
History after 1929
Today, Tacna is a mostly commercial city with many migrants from the
Geography
The area is generally desert, with a few fertile spots near the mountains. Except for Caplina, no rivers cross the entire province.[5]
Climate
Tacna has a desert climate (BWk/BWh, according to the Köppen climate classification).
| Climate data for Tacna (Jorge Basadre) (elevation 560 m (1,840 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1949–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33.0 (91.4) |
33.2 (91.8) |
33.8 (92.8) |
31.0 (87.8) |
31.3 (88.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
31.6 (88.9) |
28.0 (82.4) |
27.8 (82.0) |
29.2 (84.6) |
30.0 (86.0) |
30.0 (86.0) |
33.8 (92.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.8 (82.0) |
28.5 (83.3) |
27.4 (81.3) |
24.8 (76.6) |
22.1 (71.8) |
19.9 (67.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
19.6 (67.3) |
20.9 (69.6) |
22.9 (73.2) |
24.6 (76.3) |
26.3 (79.3) |
23.7 (74.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 17.2 (63.0) |
17.7 (63.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
14.9 (58.8) |
12.9 (55.2) |
11.2 (52.2) |
10.4 (50.7) |
10.6 (51.1) |
11.4 (52.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
14.1 (57.4) |
15.6 (60.1) |
13.8 (56.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 7.6 (45.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
6.1 (43.0) |
3.9 (39.0) |
3.9 (39.0) |
0.4 (32.7) |
0.0 (32.0) |
3.9 (39.0) |
3.9 (39.0) |
6.1 (43.0) |
7.2 (45.0) |
7.2 (45.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.5 (0.14) |
2.3 (0.09) |
0.8 (0.03) |
0.2 (0.01) |
0.5 (0.02) |
2.0 (0.08) |
3.9 (0.15) |
4.2 (0.17) |
4.0 (0.16) |
1.4 (0.06) |
0.9 (0.04) |
1.3 (0.05) |
25 (1) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%)
|
66 | 65 | 67 | 72 | 76 | 78 | 77 | 78 | 75 | 74 | 71 | 68 | 72 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 217.0 | 197.8 | 229.4 | 222.0 | 176.7 | 162.0 | 173.6 | 189.1 | 147.0 | 232.5 | 243.0 | 248.0 | 2,438.1 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 4.9 | 7.5 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 6.7 |
| Source 1: National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru[13] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[14]Deutscher Wetterdienst (precipitation days 1970–1990, humidity 1951–1969, and sun 1930–1937)[15] | |||||||||||||
Transport
Rail
Tacna was served by a cross-border 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
It is also the location of the National Railway Museum of Peru.[17]
Air
Tacna is served by the
.Road
Tacna is also served by
.Tourist attractions
 |
Many monuments are located in this city, including the arch of the Alto de la Alianza and the Tacna Parabolic Arch.
Other monuments include a neo-
have found some of the oldest human remains in Peru.Festivities
|
The most important festivity in the city is the Semana de Tacna ("Tacna Week"), which runs from August 25–30.
On August 28, a large Peruvian flag is shown throughout the city during the Paseo de la Bandera, which celebrates the anniversary of the reincorporation of Tacna into Peruvian sovereignty and is one of the most important patriotic demonstrations in the whole country. This tradition started in 1901, during the Chilean administration of Tacna, by a group of tacneños who defied the prohibition of showing Peruvian flags imposed by the Chilean authorities.
There is an agrarian and industrial fair as part of these celebrations.
In September, the festival of the Señor de Locumba is celebrated, which draws thousands of faithful people from all over the world.
Gallery
-
Main square in San Martin area -
Arco Parabólico, Pileta and Glorieta de Tacna, located in the Av. San Martín -
Coctel Mercado Viejo
See also
- 2001 southern Peru earthquake
- Tacna Departament
- Tacna Province
- Tacna District
- Tarata
- Tacna during Chilean administration (1883–1929)
- Diocese of Tacna y Moquegua
References
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (September 2020) |
- ^ Perú: Población estimada al 30 de junio y tasa de crecimiento de las ciudades capitales, por departamento, 2011 y 2015. Perú: Estimaciones y proyecciones de población total por sexo de las principales ciudades, 2012–2015 (Report). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. March 2012. Retrieved 2015-06-03.
- ^ a b "Historia". Municipalidad Provincial de Tacna.
- ^ Moreno, Kevin (2023-08-28). "Aniversario de Tacna 2023: ¿Qué significa Tacna y por qué se le llama 'Ciudad HeroIca?". La República.
- ^ Spanish: Unión Americana; Insurrectionist group dissolved after the Argentine defeat at the Battle of Huaqui
- ^ a b c d Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 347.
- ^ Casanova Rojas, Felipe; Díaz Araya, Alberto; Castillo Ramírez, Daniel (2017). "Tras los pasos de la muerte. Mortandad en Tacna durante la Guerra del Pacífico, 1879-1880". Historia (in Spanish). 50 (II): 399–341.
- ^ Correa Bravo, Agustín (1903). Comentarios y concordancias de la Ley de Organización y Atribuciones de las Municipalidades de 22 de diciembre de 1891 (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Imprenta Cervantes.
- ^ Zamudio, Orlando (2001). Chile. Historia de la división político-administrativa 1810-2000 (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas.
- ^ Censo de la República de Chile levantado el 28 de noviembre de 1907 (in Spanish). Santiago, Chile: Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas; Sociedad Imp. y Litogr. Universo. 1908.
- Ministerio del Interior. 1928-01-28.
- ^ "A 80 años de la restitución de Tacna". La Estrella de Iquique. 2009-08-28.
- ^ La Nación, 29 August 1929, p. 15
- ^ "Normales Climaticás Estándares y Medias 1991-2020". National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ "Station Capitan Ciriani" (in French). Météo Climat. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
- ^ "Klimatafel von Tacna, Prov. Tacna / Peru" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
- ^ "Tacna – Arica reopening studies". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
- ^ Southern Peru Railroads[permanent dead link]
External links
- (in Spanish) Official website
- . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
18°00′53″S 70°14′56″W / 18.01466°S 70.24887°W
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