Fodder

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Fodder" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Fodder (

Common plants specifically grown for fodder

• Alfalfa (lucerne)
• Barley
• Common duckweed^[2]
• Birdsfoot trefoil
• Brassica spp.
  • Kale
  • Rapeseed (canola)
  • Rutabaga (swede)
  • Turnip
• Clover
  • Alsike clover
  • Red clover
  • Subterranean clover
  • White clover
• Grass
  • Bermuda grass
  • Brome
  • False oat grass
  • Fescue
  • Heath grass
  • Meadow grasses (from naturally mixed grassland swards)
  • Orchard grass
  • Ryegrass
  • Timothy-grass
• Corn (maize)
• Millet
• Oats
• Sorghum
• Soybeans
• Trees (pollard tree shoots for "tree-hay")
• Wheat

Types

• Biochar for cattle^[3]
• Bran
• Conserved forage plants: hay and silage
• Compound feed and premixes
  , often called pellets, nuts or (cattle) cake
• Crop residues: stover, copra, straw, chaff, sugar beet waste
• Fish meal
• Freshly cut
  grass
  and other forage plants
• Grass or lawn clipping waste^[4]
• Green maize
• Green sorghum
• Horse gram
• Leaves from certain species of trees^[5]
• Meat and bone meal (now illegal in cattle and sheep feeds in many areas due to risk of BSE)
• Molasses
• Native green grass
• Oilseed press cake (
  sunflower, soybean, peanut or groundnut
  )
• Oligosaccharides
• Processed insects (i.e. processed maggots^[6])
• Seaweed (including Asparagopsis taxiformis which is used mainly as a supplement to reduce methane emissions by up to 90%)
• Seeds and grains, either whole or prepared by crushing, milling, etc.
• can also be made from atmospheric CO₂
  )
• Sprouted grains and legumes
• Yeast extract (brewer's yeast residue)

Health concerns

In the past,

Increasing intensities and frequencies of drought events put rangeland agriculture under pressure in semi-arid and arid geographic areas. Innovative emergency fodder production concepts have been reported, such as bush-based animal fodder production in Namibia. During extended dry periods, some farmers have used woody biomass fibre from encroacher bush as their primary source of cattle feed, adding locally-available supplements for nutrients as well as to improve palatability.^{[8][9][10][11]}

Production of sprouted grains as fodder

This section may be confusing or unclear to readers. Please help clarify the section. There might be a discussion about this on the talk page. (July 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Fodder in the form of sprouted

Systems have been developed recently^[when?] that allow for many tons of sprouts to be produced each day, year round. Sprouted grains can significantly increase the nutritional value of the grain compared with feeding the ungerminated grain to stock.^[12] In addition, they use less water than traditional forage, making them ideal for drought conditions. Sprouted barley and other cereal grains can be grown hydroponically in a carefully-controlled environment.^[13] Hydroponically-grown sprouted fodder at 150 mm tall with a 50 mm root mat is at its peak for animal feed.

Although products such as barley are grain, when sprouted they are approved by the American Grassfed Association to be used as livestock feed.^{[citation needed]}

See also

• Cannon fodder (metaphorical usage)
• Circular agriculture
• Factory farming
• Feed manufacturing
• Food-feed system
• Pasture

References

Further reading

• Zhou, Yiqin. Compar[ison of] Fresh or Ensiled Fodders (e.g., Grass, Legume, Corn) on the Production of Greenhouse Gases Following Enteric Fermentation in Beef Cattle. Rouyn-Noranda, Qué.: Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 2011. N.B.: Research report.
• Google books
  .

External links

Look up fodder in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fodder.

• UK Food Standards Agency, Animal feed legislation and guidance Archived 2010-12-13 at the Wayback Machine
• FAO Feed Safety guidelines Archived 2010-12-02 at the Wayback Machine