Fort Hughes
Fort Hughes | |
---|---|
Caballo Island, Philippines | |
Part of Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays | |
Site information | |
Controlled by | United States |
Site history | |
Built | completed 1914 |
Built by | United States Army Corps of Engineers |
Battles/wars |
|
Garrison information | |
Garrison |
|
Fort Hughes was built by the Philippine Department of the U.S. Army on Caballo Island in the Philippines in the early 1900s.[1][2] The fort, which part of the Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays, was named for Major General Robert Patterson Hughes, a veteran of the American Civil War, Spanish–American War, and the Philippine–American War.[3]
History
Spanish–American War
A Spanish battery of three
Construction
The initial construction on Fort Hughes was largely complete by 1914 except the mortar battery, completed in 1919. The initial gun batteries were:[5]
Name | No. of guns | Gun type | Carriage type | Years active |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gillespie | 1 | 14-inch (356 mm) gun M1910 |
disappearing M1907 | 1914-1942 |
Woodruff | 1 | 14-inch (356 mm) gun M1910 | disappearing M1907 | 1914-1942 |
Craighill | 4 | 12-inch (305 mm) mortar M1912 | barbette M1896MIII | 1919-1942 |
Leach | 2 | 6-inch (152 mm) gun M1908 |
disappearing M1905 | 1914-1942 |
Fuger | 2 | 3-inch (76 mm) gun M1903 | pedestal M1903 | 1914-1942 |
Circa 1940 an
Battery Gillespie was named for Major General
World War II
Fort Hughes was occupied by Japanese forces after their
American forces retook the fort from the Japanese during the
Present
Both 14-inch guns and carriages and the 12-inch mortars remain in place. Battery Leach was destroyed in the recapture operation, but one 6-inch gun barrel remains. One Japanese 120 mm gun is also on the island. The island was turned over to Filipino forces in 1946, and as of 2012 was a Philippine Navy ammunition depot.[1][13][14]
See also
- Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays
- Geography of the Philippines
- Military History of the Philippines
- Military History of the United States
- Seacoast defense in the United States
- United States Army Coast Artillery Corps
References
- ^ a b c d "Forts in the Philippines at American Forts Network". www.northamericanforts.com. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ^ "Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays at the Coast Defense Study Group". www.cdsg.org. 24 May 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ^ a b c Fort and Battery Names in the Philippines at Corregidor.org
- ^ Coast Defense Journal, Vol. 31, Issue 2, May 2017
- ^ Berhow 2015, p. 222
- ^ a b Battery Idaho at Corregidor.org
- ^ Battery William at Corregidor.org
- ^ Battery Hooker at Corregidor.org
- ^ Heitman, Francis B. (1903). Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, 1789-1903, Vol. 1. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. p. 621.
- ^ Morton, p. 480
- ^ "List of Rock Force units at Rockforce.org". Archived from the original on 2016-01-26. Retrieved 2018-03-25.
- ^ Smith, pp. 352-354
- ^ Berhow 2015, pp. 232-236
- ^ Surviving American Seacoast Artillery Weapons, July 2014 at the Coast Defense Study Group
- Berhow, Mark A., ed. (2015). American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide (Third ed.). McLean, Virginia: CDSG Press. p. 222. ISBN 978-0-9748167-3-9.
- Lewis, Emanuel Raymond (1979). Seacoast Fortifications of the United States. Annapolis: Leeward Publications. ISBN 978-0-929521-11-4.
- McGovern, Terrance; Berhow, Mark A. (2003). American Defenses of Corregidor and Manila Bay 1898-1945 (Fortress, 4). Osprey Publishing (UK). ISBN 1-84176-427-2.
- Morton, Louis (1953). The Fall of the Philippines. U.S. Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 5-2. Archived from the original on 2012-01-08. Retrieved 2018-03-17.
- Smith, Robert Ross (1993) [1963]. Triumph in the Philippines (PDF). U.S. Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 5-10-1.