Fort Wolcott
Fort Wolcott | |
---|---|
Goat Island, Rhode Island | |
Coordinates | 41°29′07″N 71°19′41″W / 41.4852°N 71.3280°W |
Site information | |
Controlled by | Kingdom of England Kingdom of Great Britain United States |
Site history | |
Built | c. 1702 |
In use | 1702-1960s |
Events | Attacks on HMS St John and HMS Liberty |
Fort Wolcott was a fortification on the small Goat Island in Newport Harbor of Narragansett Bay less than 1 mile west of the city of Newport, Rhode Island. The attacks on HMS St John and HMS Liberty occurred near the fort.
Fort Anne
An earthen Fort Anne, built on Goat Island in 1702 or 1703 during the
Fort George
In 1730, the fort returned to service under a new name, Fort George after King George II of Great Britain.[1] In 1738, defenders of Rhode Island built a stone fortification on the site with perhaps fifty guns.
In 1764, residents of Newport, Rhode Island, took over Fort George and fired shots at St John with a crew that allegedly stole from local merchants.[2] In another early act of rebellion against British rule, Rhode Islanders in 1769 burned the British customs ship Liberty when it drifted to the north end of Goat Island.
Fort Liberty
With the outbreak of the American Revolution in 1775, the fort was renamed as Fort Liberty. In 1776, American patriots armed Fort Liberty with 25 guns and built various breastworks to defend the City of Newport. In December 1776 the British army occupied Newport without resistance and renamed the fort "Fort George." The British left Newport in November 1779. The French army under Count de Rochambeau occupied Newport in 1780 and used the fort as part of their defenses until their departure in 1781.
Fort Washington
In 1784, Rhode Islanders repaired the fort, renamed it Fort Washington after General
Fort Wolcott
The Army rebuilt the fort again in 1798 as part of the first system of Seacoast defense in the United States and renamed it Fort Wolcott, commemorating the services of the late Oliver Wolcott, a general of the Connecticut militia, a member of the Continental Congress and a signer of the Declaration of Independence.
The Army assigned Captain
By the time of the
President
Decommissioning
The Army transferred the garrison from Fort Wolcott on 22 May 1836 to fight in the
The United States Government built the present Goat Island Lighthouse at the northern tip of this island in 1842 to replace the old lighthouse which had been moved to Prudence Island.
Goat Island hosted the training ship squadron of United States Naval Academy during the American Civil War. The War Department still stationed an ordnance sergeant at the fort to maintain its artillery pieces as late as the 1870s.
In 1869, the
United States Coast Guard
In addition to the Goat Island lighthouse, the
Privatization
In the 1960s, the federal government sold the majority of Goat Island to a private developer, Globe Manufacturing. The developer demolished most buildings from the old fortifications. Over the next several decades, Globe constructed a hotel and condominiums and converted the only former navy building remaining on the island into a marina.
See also
References
- ^ US Navy. 27 December 2004. Archived from the originalon 30 June 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ISBN 9780805070668.
- ^ Wade, p. 243
- "Rhode Island Forts (2)". northamericanforts.com.
- "Rhode Island Forts (3)". northamericanforts.com.
- "FortWiki article on Fort Wolcott". www.FortWiki.com.
- Wade, Arthur P. (2011). Artillerists and Engineers: The Beginnings of American Seacoast Fortifications, 1794-1815. CDSG Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-9748167-2-2.
External links
- History of Fort Wolcott by John T. Duchesneau