Francesco Salata
Francesco Salata | |
---|---|
Senator of the Kingdom of Italy | |
In office 4 December 1920 – 5 August 1943 | |
Ambassador of Italy to Austria | |
In office 7 August 1936 – 27 October 1937 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Ossero, Austria-Hungary | 17 September 1876
Died | 10 March 1944 Rome, Kingdom of Italy | (aged 67)
Nationality | Italian |
Spouse | Ilda Mizzan |
Children | 1 |
Awards | |
Francesco Salata (17 September 1876 – 10 March 1944) was a
Among his best-known works are Guglielmo Oberdan secondo gli atti segreti del processo: carteggi diplomatici e altri documenti inediti (1924), republished in a reduced version as Oberdan in 1932, Il patto Mussolini: storia di un piano politico e di un negoziato diplomatico (1933), and Il nodo di Gibuti: storia diplomatica su documenti inediti (1939).
Biography
Salata was born on 17 September 1876 in Ossero, on the island of
In 1911 Salata married
As early as in his high school years, Salata risked to be expelled from all the schools of the empire because of his attempts to found a branch of the Lega Nazionale in Ossero, which promoted the Italian language and culture in territories inhabited by Germans, Croatians and Slovenians, that is
After attending high school in Capodistria (Koper), Salata studied law at the University of Vienna (a total of seven semesters). He also studied two semesters at the University of Graz.[1] Salata interrupted his studies to dedicate himself first to journalism and then to his studies on history.[1] In 1888 he was the editor of Pola's (Pula) Il popolo istriano, and later a collaborator of Trieste's "Il Piccolo".[1][4]
He participated in conferences of the Italian society of archaeology in Istria (Società istriana di archeologia e storia patria). His first intervention was on
Salata joined the Società politica istriana (SPI), believing in the civic and cultural superiority of the Italian element, which, because of this, was entitled to govern the res publica.[1] According to Salata, this "preeminence" conformed to the "Austrian law of political representation of classes and interests," and it derived from the important number of Italians in modern-day Croatian lands and their "civic value and contributive force."[1] According to Salata, Italians were superior "in ownership, intelligence and venerable culture."[1][6] Salata became secretary and vice-president of the SPI in 1903. The party promoted Italian culture in Istria, fighting for positions of control in the local administrations. It also fought for the consolidation of the use of the Italian language at an administrative level and in schools.[1]
Salata went to Rome for administrative reasons in the beginning of 1915, just a few months before the outbreak of
In both the war and interwar period, Salata was employed as both an historian and administrator of the contested regions. In the first month after Italy's entry into the war, Salata entered the Secretary General for the "Civic Affairs at the Supreme Command of the Army in the War Zone" (Segretariato generale per gli affari civili presso il Comando supremo dell'esercito in zona di guerra), and was increasingly given more responsibilities. He eventually became the vice-secretary of the agency.[1]
In the meantime, the Austrian authorities retaliated on his wife Ilda Mizzan and his daughter Maria, who were incarcerated for more than a year, from 1916 to 1917.[1] There would be dire consequences for his wife, who died of tuberculosis in 1922, after years spent between sanatoriums and resting places.[1]
After the war, Salata took part in the
Salata always had the strong support of Prime Minister Nitti, and was likewise supported by Giovanni Giolitti, who employed him in the negotiations that led to the signing of the treaty of Rapallo in 1920.[1] A few days after the treaty, Salata was named senator. During the first Bonomi government, Salata's sway decreased. However, he was able to establish regional advisory panels, which were open to the prominent local political personalities of the different areas, including from the minorities, which were given the duty of studying and approve the process of annexation of the new territories to Italy.[1]
He was criticized and verbally attacked by the fascists, who made propaganda against him and in 1922 attacked the car in which he was travelling with his daughter during a visit to
In 1924 Salata published his extensive work on
In 1934 he was invited to Vienna (where, in spite of his irredentist ideas, he was still held in high esteem[10]), to work on the creation of the Istituto Italiano di Cultura, of which he became the director in 1935. In 1936 he became Italian ambassador to Austria. In this capacity he embarked on a ruinous policy of safeguarding Austria's autonomy and later independence from Germany.[1] In order to support Italy's aggressive policies, he published Il nodo di Gibuti: storia diplomatica su documenti inediti (1939), Nizza fra Garibaldi e Cavour: un discorso non pronunciato e altri documenti inediti (in Storia e politica internazionale, rassegna trimestrale) in 1940. In 1943 he was named President of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Senate.[1]
Salata died in 1944 in Rome, a few months before the city was liberated by the Anglo-American troops.
Works
- L'antica diocesi di Ossero e la liturgia slava: pagine di storia patria, Martinolich, Pola 1897
- Il diritto d'Italia su Trieste e l'Istria, documenti, Bocca, Turin 1915
- Guglielmo Oberdan secondo gli atti segreti del processo: carteggi diplomatici e altri documenti inediti, Zanichelli, Bologna 1924
- Per la storia diplomatica della Questione romana, Treves, Milan 1929
- Carlo Alberto inedito: il diario autografo del re, lettere intime ed altri scritti inediti, Mondadori, Milan 1931
- Maria Luigia e i moti del trentuno: documenti inediti da archivi austriaci, Fresching, Parma 1932
- Mondadori, Milan 1932
- Re Carlo Alberto e l’istituzione del Consiglio di Stato: propositi politici e riflessi diplomatici; con note e documenti inediti (essay) in Il Consiglio di Stato: studi in occasione del centenario, I, Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato, Rome 1932
- Il patto Mussolini: storia di un piano politico e di un negoziato diplomatico, Mondadori, Milan 1933
- Da Carlo Alberto a Vittorio Emanuele II (Libreria dello Stato, Rome 1935
- Lettere di Carlo Alberto a Federico Truchsess, Le Monnier, Florence 1937
- Il nodo di Gibuti: storia diplomatica su documenti inediti, ISPI, Milan 1939
References
- ^ Enciclopedia Italiana. Archived from the originalon 10 March 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
- ^ ISBN 978-88-498-0248-1. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
- ^ "Salata Francesco". Italian Senate. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Stefani, Giuseppe (1959). La lirica italiana e l'irredentismo da Goffredo Mameli a Gabriele d'Annunzio. Cappelli. pp. 69–316.
- ^ Forcella, Roberto (1937). D'Annunzio, 1863–. Fondazione Leonardo per la cultura italiana. pp. 444, 503.
- ^ Ziller 1997, p. 75–76.
- ^ XXXIX Annuario del Consiglio di Stato, p. 11.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-317-64873-4.
- ^ Riccardi 1997, p. 617.
- ISBN 88-17-33819-2
Sources
- Paolo Ziller: Le Nuove province nell'immediato dopoguerra. Tra ricostruzione e autonomie amministrative (1918–1922), in Miscellanea di studi giuliani in onore di Giulio Cervani per il suo XLL compleanno, edited by F. Salimbeni, Udine 1990, pp. 243–274
- Paolo Ziller: Francesco Salata. Il bollettino la “Vita autonoma” (1904–1912) ed il liberalismo nazionale istriano nell’ultima Austria, in Atti – Centro di ricerche storiche, Rovigno, 1995, 25, pp. 423–445
- Ziller, Paolo (1997). Giuliani, istriani e trentini dall'Impero asburgico al Regno d'Italia: società, istituzioni e rapporti etnici. Civiltà del Risorgimento (in Italian). Vol. 53. Udine: Del Bianco.
- Luca Riccardi: Francesco Salata tra storia, politica e diplomazia, Udine 2001
- Luca Riccardi: Francesco Salata, il trattato di Rapallo e la politica estera italiana verso la Jugoslavia all’inizio degli anni Venti, in Quaderni giuliani di storia, 1994, 2, pp. 75–91
- Riccardi, Luca (1997). "Le carte Salata: quarant'anni tra politica e storia". Il futuro della memoria: atti del Convegno internazionale di studi sugli archivi di famiglie e di persone, Capri, 9–13 settembre 1991 (in Italian). Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici. pp. 614–628. ISBN 978-88-7125-126-4.