Frederick M. Franks Jr.

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Frederick M. Franks
3rd Cavalry Regiment
Battles/warsVietnam War
Gulf War
Awards
Army Distinguished Service Medal (3)
Silver Star
Legion of Merit (2)
Distinguished Flying Cross
Bronze Star Medal (2)
Purple Heart
(2)
Other workBoard of Directors, Oshkosh Truck Corporation, author, consultant, public speaker

Frederick Melvin Franks Jr. (born 1 November 1936) is a retired

Iraqi Republican Guard
, defeating or forcing the retreat of each with fewer than 100 American casualties lost to enemy action.

Early life

Born in West Lawn, Pennsylvania, Fred Franks graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York in 1959.[1] After attending the Armor Officer Basic Course, Airborne, and Ranger training, he joined the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment in Germany. This was followed by an assignment as an instructor at West Point in the 1960s.

Military career

Following his duty at West Point, Franks rejoined the

"V" Device, the Air Medal, and two Purple Hearts. While fighting in Cambodia
he was severely wounded, and after a series of unsuccessful surgeries, lost his left leg, which was amputated below the knee. Franks fought to remain in a combat unit, something not normally granted amputees, and was eventually permitted to remain in combat arms.

Through the 1980s Franks served with the Army Staff in

3d Armored Cavalry Regiment at Fort Bliss, served in the Office of the Army Chief of Staff
, spent a year at the national War College, held several high-level positions in the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command, and, finally, commanded the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment, assigned to the East German frontier as the V Corps covering force.

Following promotion to brigadier general in 1984, Franks' flag-level assignments included Commanding General, Seventh Army Training Command, Deputy Commanding General, United States Army Command and General Staff College, and Director of Operational Plans and Interoperability (J-7), where he effectively integrated, for the first time, all joint staff operational planning, interoperability and warfighting functions within a single directorate of the Joint Staff, resulting in significant increases in the joint warfighting capabilities of the United States. In 1988, Franks again returned to Germany to command the 1st Armored Division, and a year later he assumed command of VII Corps.

Gulf War

General Franks with Corporal Daniel L. Dow, at 2nd Infantry Division (South Korea) NCO Academy on 31 May 1993

In early November 1990, Franks was ordered to deploy VII Corps to Saudi Arabia to join the international coalition preparing to drive Iraqi forces from Kuwait; and on 24 February 1991, the

Desert Storm land assault began, with VII Corps making the main attack. VII Corps consisted of 146,000 American and British soldiers in essentially five armored divisions (one was a mechanized infantry division and one was a cavalry division). This consisted of close to 1600 tanks, American and British, and 800 helicopters. Supporting this was its support command and vital logistics support command comprising over 26,000 soldiers and 15 hospitals. In total, VII Corps consumed over two million gallons of fuel a day. In 100 hours of rapid maneuver and combat, VII Corps fought several engagements with Iraqi forces. Under Franks' leadership, VII Corps units gained decisive victories at the Battle of Al Busayyah, the Battle of 73 Easting, the Battle of Norfolk and the Battle of Medina Ridge
.

On the second day of the ground war, General

Norman Schwarzkopf publicly expressed frustration over what he characterized as VII Corps' slow pace, allowing elements of the Republican Guard to escape destruction by fleeing toward Basra. Franks later gave his reasons for the slow pace to a documentary filmmaker. He said that "I was thinking of forty eight hours ahead. I wanted to be in a posture that when we hit the Republican Guard, that we would hit them with a fist massed from an unexpected direction at full speed, and so what I needed to do was get the corps in a posture that would allow this to happen." He also worried about friendly fire in the fluid opening phase of ground operations. In his memoir, Franks criticized Schwarzkopf as a career infantryman who had little feel for the maneuvering of armored formations and for being a "chateau general" by trying to run the war from a bunker 400 miles to the south in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[2]

Franks is credited in United States Air Force history in bringing modern day ISR capabilities to the fight. After witnessing a demonstration of JSTARS in exercise Deep Strike in Germany, Franks' positive impression led to him raving about the capability to Schwarzkopf. JSTARS proved indispensable in providing the JFACC with real-time intelligence and targeting information on advancing and retreating Iraqi ground forces.[3]

Following the Gulf War, Franks was promoted to full general, and took over the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command. He retired in 1994 after almost 35+1⁄2 years of active Army service.

Post-military

External videos
video icon Booknotes interview with Franks and Tom Clancy on Into the Storm, July 13, 1997, C-SPAN

Franks now serves as chairman of the board of the VII Corps Desert Storm Veterans Association, which assists veterans and next of kin of those who served in VII Corps during Desert Storm. He also collaborated with

U.S. Military Academy
. On 19 March 2011, he received the Guardian of Liberty Award, presented by the West Point Society of Philadelphia at the Union League in Philadelphia.

Franks also received the 2018 Henry Viscardi Achievement Awards given to leaders in disability sector.[4]

References

  1. ^ "2000 Distinguished Graduate Award Citation Gen Frederick M. Franks Jr". West Point Association of Graduates. Archived from the original on 2 December 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
  2. ^ The Generals by Thomas Ricks page 380
  3. ^ Lambeth, Benjamin S., The Transformation of Air Power, Vol 47, Chapter 1 Winter 2000, Cornell University Press and included (with permission) in Air Command and Staff College Material Version 5.2
  4. ^ "2018 Henry Viscardi Achievement Awards Announced". 4 December 2018. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 25 December 2018.

External links

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Military offices
Preceded by Commanding General, United States Army Training and Doctrine Command
1991–1994 		Succeeded by
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